Questions and Answers
What is the significance of England's defeat of the Spanish Armada?
It ended Spain's domination of the Atlantic.
Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain?
Because Philip raised taxes and took steps to crush Protestantism.
Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power?
Because they believed in divine right.
What impact did the French Religious Wars have on French thinkers?
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How did Jean Baptiste Colbert intend to stimulate economic growth in France?
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What was the result of the War of the Spanish Succession?
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What were the major conflicts in the Thirty Years' War?
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What steps did the Austrian Hapsburgs take toward becoming absolute monarchs?
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What countries were allies during the Seven Years' War?
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How did Ivan the Terrible deal with his enemies during his 'Bad Period'?
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Why did Peter the Great believe that Russia's future depended on having a warm-water port?
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What were some ways Peter tried to westernize Russia?
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Why was the death of Charles I revolutionary?
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What rights were guaranteed by the Habeas Corpus Act?
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How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?
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What three actions demonstrated that Philip II of Spain saw himself as a defender of Catholicism?
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What strategies did Louis XIV use to control the French nobility?
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In what ways did Louis XIV cause suffering to the French people?
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What were the six results of the Peace of Westphalia?
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Why did Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great fight two wars against each other?
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What were three differences between Russia and Western Europe?
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Study Notes
Significance of England's Defeat of the Spanish Armada
- Ended Spanish dominance in the Atlantic.
Dutch Revolt Against Spain
- Caused by raised taxes and suppression of Protestantism by Philip II.
- Philip executed 1,500 Protestants, triggering continued rebellion.
Absolute Monarchs and Divine Right
- Monarchs justified their absolute power through divine right, viewing themselves as representatives of God.
Impact of French Religious Wars on Thinkers
- Exposure to conflict led French thinkers to adopt skepticism, doubting the certainty of knowledge.
Jean Baptiste Colbert's Economic Strategy
- Advocated for mercantilism; aimed for French self-sufficiency by promoting domestic manufacturing.
Outcome of the War of the Spanish Succession
- Great Britain emerged victorious, gaining Gibraltar and the right to transport enslaved Africans to Spanish America.
Conflicts in the Thirty Years' War
- Major issues included religious strife, territorial disputes, and power struggles among European monarchs.
Austrian Hapsburgs' Steps Towards Absolute Monarchy
- Centralized government authority and established a standing army.
Allies in the Seven Years' War
- Austria, France, Russia, and others joined forces against Britain and Prussia.
Ivan the Terrible's "Bad Period"
- Created a secret police to eliminate perceived traitors, employing brutal tactics.
Peter the Great's Vision for Russia
- Believed access to a warm-water port was essential for trade and modernization, facilitating the influx of European ideas.
Peter the Great's Westernization Efforts
- Introduced potatoes into the diet, launched Russia's first newspaper, improved women's social status, mandated Western clothing for nobles, and established educational institutions in navigation and arts.
Revolutionary Nature of Charles I's Death
- Marked the execution of the first king in history, challenging the notion of monarchy.
Habeas Corpus Act Rights
- Guaranteed the right to be informed of charges through a writ compelling a prisoner’s appearance before a judge.
Constitutional vs. Absolute Monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy limits rulers' rights, whereas absolute monarchy grants unlimited authority.
Philip II's Role as Defender of Catholicism
- Actions included fighting the Ottoman Empire, launching the Armada against Protestant England, and combating Protestantism in the Netherlands.
Louis XIV's Control over Nobility
- Employed intendants for judicial and fiscal duties and required nobles to reside at Versailles to limit their power.
French People's Suffering under Louis XIV
- Louis XIV incurred significant debt, engaged in unpopular wars, and enforced heavy taxation.
Results of the Peace of Westphalia
- Weakened Habsburg authorities, enhanced France’s power, made German princes independent, temporarily halted religious wars, introduced new peace negotiation methods, and established a more equal European state system.
Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great's Wars
- Fought over territorial claims and alliances.
Differences Between Russia and Western Europe
- Russian serfdom was entrenched, while other societal and cultural discrepancies persisted.
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Explore the main ideas from Chapter 5 of your history textbook with these flashcards. This quiz covers significant events such as England's defeat of the Spanish Armada and the Dutch revolt against Spain, making it a great study aid. Test your understanding of these pivotal moments in history.