History Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the significance of England's defeat of the Spanish Armada?

It ended Spain's domination of the Atlantic.

Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain?

Because Philip raised taxes and took steps to crush Protestantism.

Why did absolute monarchs believe that they were justified in exercising absolute power?

Because they believed in divine right.

What impact did the French Religious Wars have on French thinkers?

It turned them toward skepticism. Signup and view all the answers

How did Jean Baptiste Colbert intend to stimulate economic growth in France?

By making France self-sufficient through manufacturing. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the War of the Spanish Succession?

Great Britain emerged as a major power. Signup and view all the answers

What were the major conflicts in the Thirty Years' War?

Religion, territory, and power among European ruling families. Signup and view all the answers

What steps did the Austrian Hapsburgs take toward becoming absolute monarchs?

They centralized the government and created an army. Signup and view all the answers

What countries were allies during the Seven Years' War?

Austria, France, Russia, and others were allied against Britain and Prussia. Signup and view all the answers

How did Ivan the Terrible deal with his enemies during his 'Bad Period'?

He organized a secret police who killed perceived traitors. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Peter the Great believe that Russia's future depended on having a warm-water port?

To enable trade and access to European ideas and technologies. Signup and view all the answers

What were some ways Peter tried to westernize Russia?

Introduced potatoes, started the first newspaper, raised women's status, changed noble fashions, advanced education. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the death of Charles I revolutionary?

He was the first king to be executed. Signup and view all the answers

What rights were guaranteed by the Habeas Corpus Act?

The right to obtain a writ ordering that a prisoner be brought before a judge. Signup and view all the answers

How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?

In a constitutional monarchy, the ruler's rights are limited. Signup and view all the answers

What three actions demonstrated that Philip II of Spain saw himself as a defender of Catholicism?

Fighting the Muslim Ottoman Empire, sending the Armada against Protestant England, fighting Protestantism in the Netherlands. Signup and view all the answers

What strategies did Louis XIV use to control the French nobility?

He used intendants and forced nobles to live at Versailles. Signup and view all the answers

In what ways did Louis XIV cause suffering to the French people?

He incurred huge debts, fought unpopular wars, and imposed heavy taxes. Signup and view all the answers

What were the six results of the Peace of Westphalia?

Weakened Habsburg Austria and Spain, strengthened France, made German princes independent, ended religious wars, introduced peace negotiation methods, established a modern state system. Signup and view all the answers

Why did Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great fight two wars against each other?

They were battling over territory and to defend/help allies. Signup and view all the answers

What were three differences between Russia and Western Europe?

Russian serfdom was firmly implanted, Russia lagged in industrialization, and cultural differences existed. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Significance of England's Defeat of the Spanish Armada

Ended Spanish dominance in the Atlantic.

Dutch Revolt Against Spain

Caused by raised taxes and suppression of Protestantism by Philip II.
Philip executed 1,500 Protestants, triggering continued rebellion.

Absolute Monarchs and Divine Right

Monarchs justified their absolute power through divine right, viewing themselves as representatives of God.

Impact of French Religious Wars on Thinkers

Exposure to conflict led French thinkers to adopt skepticism, doubting the certainty of knowledge.

Jean Baptiste Colbert's Economic Strategy

Advocated for mercantilism; aimed for French self-sufficiency by promoting domestic manufacturing.

Outcome of the War of the Spanish Succession

Great Britain emerged victorious, gaining Gibraltar and the right to transport enslaved Africans to Spanish America.

Conflicts in the Thirty Years' War

Major issues included religious strife, territorial disputes, and power struggles among European monarchs.

Austrian Hapsburgs' Steps Towards Absolute Monarchy

Centralized government authority and established a standing army.

Allies in the Seven Years' War

Austria, France, Russia, and others joined forces against Britain and Prussia.

Ivan the Terrible's "Bad Period"

Created a secret police to eliminate perceived traitors, employing brutal tactics.

Peter the Great's Vision for Russia

Believed access to a warm-water port was essential for trade and modernization, facilitating the influx of European ideas.

Peter the Great's Westernization Efforts

Introduced potatoes into the diet, launched Russia's first newspaper, improved women's social status, mandated Western clothing for nobles, and established educational institutions in navigation and arts.

Revolutionary Nature of Charles I's Death

Marked the execution of the first king in history, challenging the notion of monarchy.

Habeas Corpus Act Rights

Guaranteed the right to be informed of charges through a writ compelling a prisoner’s appearance before a judge.

Constitutional vs. Absolute Monarchy

Constitutional monarchy limits rulers' rights, whereas absolute monarchy grants unlimited authority.

Philip II's Role as Defender of Catholicism

Actions included fighting the Ottoman Empire, launching the Armada against Protestant England, and combating Protestantism in the Netherlands.

Louis XIV's Control over Nobility

Employed intendants for judicial and fiscal duties and required nobles to reside at Versailles to limit their power.

French People's Suffering under Louis XIV

Louis XIV incurred significant debt, engaged in unpopular wars, and enforced heavy taxation.

Results of the Peace of Westphalia

Weakened Habsburg authorities, enhanced France’s power, made German princes independent, temporarily halted religious wars, introduced new peace negotiation methods, and established a more equal European state system.

Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great's Wars

Fought over territorial claims and alliances.

Differences Between Russia and Western Europe

Russian serfdom was entrenched, while other societal and cultural discrepancies persisted.

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Explore the main ideas from Chapter 5 of your history textbook with these flashcards. This quiz covers significant events such as England's defeat of the Spanish Armada and the Dutch revolt against Spain, making it a great study aid. Test your understanding of these pivotal moments in history.