History Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'Muslim' mean?

A follower of Islam, means 'one who has submitted'.

What is Islam?

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran.

What is the term for the migration of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina?

Hajj

Umrah

Hirjah

Hijra (correct)

Who is Muhammad?

The last prophet believed by Muslims who talked to the Archangel Gabriel and whose life teachings is compiled in the Hadith. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Quran?

The holy book of Islam, the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Allah' mean?

Arabic word for God. Signup and view all the answers

What is Monotheism?

Belief in one god. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sunna?

An Islamic model for living, based on the life and teachings of Muhammad. Signup and view all the answers

What is Shari'a?

Islamic Law, including the interpretation of the Quran. Signup and view all the answers

Who are the Ulama?

Islamic officials, scholars who shaped public policy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a Caliph?

A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government. Signup and view all the answers

What is Jihad?

A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral, spiritual, or political goal. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Abbasids?

A group that overthrew the Umayyads and established a new dynasty. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Shi'a sect?

The second largest sect within Islam, originating over a political dispute over who would be the next Caliph. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sunni branch of Islam?

A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as rightful successors. Signup and view all the answers

What is Sufism?

A member of the more mystical branch of Islam, known for their dance and poetry. Signup and view all the answers

What is Judaism?

The most common religion practiced in Israel. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Ka'ab?

A black stone building in Mecca that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Khadijah?

Muhammad's wife and a wealthy businesswoman. Signup and view all the answers

The five pillars of Islam include profession of faith, 5 daily prayers, paying zakat, fasting during the month of Ramadan, and __________.

making pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if possible. Signup and view all the answers

Where is Mecca located?

A city in western Saudi Arabia, birthplace of the prophet Mohammad. Signup and view all the answers

What is Medina known for?

The city to which Muhammad and his early followers migrated to escape persecution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Arabian Peninsula?

Crossroads of 3 continents; birthplace of Islam. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms in Islam

Muslim: A follower of Islam, meaning "one who has submitted."
Islam: A monotheistic religion founded by Prophet Muhammad, emphasizing belief in one God (Allah), and teachings delineated in the Quran.
Hijrah: Refers to Muhammad's migration with followers from Mecca to Medina, marking a pivotal moment in Islamic history.
Muhammad: The last prophet in Islam, known for receiving revelations from the Archangel Gabriel. His life teachings are compiled in the Hadith and he is seen as the founder of Islam.
Quran: The holy book of Islam, believed to contain God's revelations to Muhammad during his life.
Allah: The Arabic term for God in Islam, regarded as the sole deity.

Core Concepts of Islam

Monotheism: Central belief in the existence of one God.
Sunna: The model for living based on Muhammad's teachings and practices, forming a key part of Islamic tradition alongside the Quran.
Shari'a: Islamic law derived from the Quran and Sunna, governing all aspects of a Muslim's life.
Ulama: Scholars and officials in Islam responsible for interpreting the Quran and Shari'a, shaping public policy.

Islamic Leadership and Sects

Caliph: The title for the supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government, viewed as the successor to Muhammad.
Jihad: Refers to a holy struggle for moral or spiritual goals, often misconceived as solely a holy war.
Abbasids: A dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads; ruled the Muslim Empire from 750 to 1250, later destroyed by Mongol invasions.
Shi'a: The second-largest sect in Islam, originating from a dispute over leadership, believing Ali, Muhammad's cousin, should be the rightful Caliph.
Sunni: The largest branch of Islam, recognizing the first four caliphs as legitimate successors of Muhammad.

Cultural and Historical Context

Sufi: Members of a mystical branch of Islam known for spirituality, poetry, and practices differing from mainstream Sunni beliefs.
Judaism: The main religion practiced in Israel, related to Islamic teachings and cultural heritage.
Ka'ab: The most sacred shrine in Islam located in Mecca, known for its cube shape, central to Islamic pilgrimage.
Khadijah: Muhammad’s wife, a wealthy businesswoman who played an essential role in his life and career.
Five Pillars of Islam: Fundamental acts of worship in Islam, including the declaration of faith, daily prayers, almsgiving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.

Geographical and Historical Significance

Mecca: Birthplace of Muhammad and the holiest city for Muslims.
Medina: The city Muhammad fled to after leaving Mecca, known as the "City of the Prophet."
Arabian Peninsula: Birthplace of Islam; strategically located at the crossroads of three continents and surrounded by significant bodies of water.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 10 of history. Each card covers key terms and definitions related to Islam and its early followers. Perfect for studying definitions like Muslim, Islam, and Hirjah.