30 Questions
What does exercise physiology study?
The body’s responses to exercise/training
What is the meaning of 'physiology'?
Study of nature/origin
Why study exercise physiology?
To understand how physiological functioning should change based on types of exercise
What is the glory of kings according to the text?
To search out a matter
Where did exercise physiology primarily arise?
Civilizations of early Greece and Asia Minor
What does exercise physiology aim to maximize?
Physical potential
What do the benefits of physical activity encourage according to the text?
People to become lifelong exercisers
Which energy system has the highest duration for ATP production?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What is the main source of energy for Glycolysis?
Glucose
Which enzyme catalyzes the formation of ATP from Creatine + ADP?
Creatine Kinase
In which exercise scenario does the aerobic system have a greater percentage of energy contribution?
Long duration with lower intensity
What is the end product of Glycolysis?
Pyruvate
What happens to ATP levels during Phosphocreatine (PCr) breakdown?
ATP levels remain relatively stable
Which enzyme helps maintain ATP levels when Phosphocreatine (PCr) can't keep up?
Adenylate Kinase
What is the main consequence of lactate production during heavy exercise?
Fatigue
What is the primary factor driving the reactions involving Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)?
Mass effect
In which type of muscle fiber is LDH1-2 predominantly found?
Slow twitch (type I)
What stimulates the enzymes that break down glycogen and increases glycolysis?
Muscle contraction (Ca$^{2+}$)
What is the primary method of lactate removal?
Oxidation (~70%)
Which fiber type is associated with higher lactate production?
Fast twitch (type II)
What stimulates glycolysis and glycogen breakdown due to its activity on the sympathetic nervous system?
Epinephrine
Which enzyme is responsible for the bidirectional conversion of pyruvate and lactate?
Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
What is the main consequence of anaerobiosis during heavy exercise?
Increased lactate production
Who is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time?
Claude Bernard
Who is best known for the 'Karvonen formula' to predict optimal exercise training heart rate?
Martti Karvonen
Who introduced the concept of polisarkia (morbid obesity)?
Claudius Galen
Who made significant contributions to medical knowledge and is known as the 'father' of modern medicine?
Hippocrates
Who deduced the hierarchical structure of the nervous system and identified the heart as a muscle 'pump'?
Leonardo da Vinci
Who discovered the continuous circulation of blood in one direction?
William Harvey
Who performed important experiments with the needle biopsy procedure in exercise physiology?
Drs. Jonas Bergtrom
Study Notes
History and Physiology of Exercise
- Sushruta, a 5th century BC Indian physician, considered obesity a disease and linked it to a sedentary lifestyle
- Herodicus advocated proper diet in physical training in 5th century BC
- Hippocrates, known as the "father" of modern medicine, made significant contributions to medical knowledge
- Claudius Galen, an influential physician in AD 131-201, introduced the concept of polisarkia (morbid obesity)
- Leonardo da Vinci deduced the hierarchical structure of the nervous system and identified the heart as a muscle "pump"
- Vesalius accurately rendered bones, muscles, nerves, and internal organs in the field of anatomy
- William Harvey discovered the continuous circulation of blood in one direction
- Claude Bernard is typically acclaimed as the greatest physiologist of all time
- August Krogh and Johannes Lindhard pioneered studies on gas exchange in the lungs and blood flow redistribution during exercise
- Drs. Jonas Bergtrom and Erik Hultman performed important experiments with the needle biopsy procedure in exercise physiology
- Martti Karvonen is best known for the "Karvonen formula" to predict optimal exercise training heart rate
- The text discusses homeostasis, stress, exercise, training, training adaptation, and intensity levels in exercise physiology
Test your knowledge of the history and physiology of exercise with this quiz. Learn about key figures such as Sushruta, Hippocrates, and Leonardo da Vinci, and explore concepts like homeostasis, training adaptation, and exercise intensity levels.
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