History and Physical Examination: Nausea and Vomiting Definitions
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Questions and Answers

What is the most likely diagnosis for the 65-year-old man based on the provided information?

  • Gastric cancer (correct)
  • Functional dyspepsia
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

    • Which symptom is most concerning as an 'alarm feature' in the patient's presentation?

  • Chronic epigastric pain
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Early satiety
  • Unexplained weight loss (correct)

    • Which diagnostic test is mentioned in the text as having high specificity but low sensitivity for GERD?

  • pH monitoring (correct)
  • Endoscopy
  • Barium swallow
  • Manometry

    • What is the term used to describe a burning feeling confined to the epigastrium?

    <p>Heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by dyspeptic symptoms in individuals with no specific diagnosis and no investigative procedures performed yet?

    <p>Functional dyspepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with dyspepsia and described as predominant epigastric pain?

    <p>Repetitive eructation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first step treatment for patients suffering from both GERD and dyspepsia?

    <p>PPI treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an alarm feature associated with dyspepsia?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the suggested treatment for Helicobacter pylori (HP)-positive patients with dyspepsia?

    <p>PPI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom that may coexist with dyspepsia and includes heartburn, early satiety, and postprandial fullness?

    <p>Functional GI symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark symptom of Dyspepsia according to the Rome IV criteria?

    <p>Bothersome early satiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sensations is NOT a symptom of Dyspepsia?

    <p>Subjective feeling of tissue damage occurring in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be characterized by the dominant symptoms of bothersome postprandial fullness and early satiety?

    <p>Post-prandial Distress Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the lecture outline, what is a common characteristic of Functional GI Symptoms?

    <p>Intestinal gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is not associated with Functional Dyspepsia?

    <p>Hyperactive bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population is affected by Dyspepsia according to the text?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Aerophagia?

    <p>Fecal incontinence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following, which is not a potential cause of Chronic Eructation?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of syndrome involves pain or burning in the epigastrium of moderate severity at least once a week, but the pain is intermittent and not generalized?

    <p>Epigastric Pain Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accounts for 50-60% of all dyspepsia and often includes chronic and intermittent symptoms?

    <p>Functional Dyspepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT commonly associated with dyspepsia symptoms?

    <p>Pancreatic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT commonly associated with dyspepsia?

    <p>Digitalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In chronic use, what is observed in terms of dyspeptic symptoms related to NSAIDs?

    <p>NSAIDs and/or ASA can lead to 20% dyspeptic symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of dyspepsia?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is the 45-year-old man presenting with, based on the text provided?

    <p>Postprandial heartburn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between vomiting and retching?

    <p>Vomiting involves expulsion of stomach contents, while retching does not expel gastric contents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers can cause nausea and vomiting according to the text?

    <p>Pregnancy and travelers' nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that precedes actual vomiting to protect the lungs from aspiration?

    <p>Deep breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication category has been reported to cause vomiting as a side effect in more than 5% of cases?

    <p>Cytostatic and chemotherapeutic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte and metabolic disorder can result from hyperemesis (excessive vomiting)?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the repetitive passage of air through the mouth, accompanied by a belching noise?

    <p>Aerophagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of digestive disorders, what is the term for excessive gas in the digestive tract that can be released through the anus?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of aerophagia?

    <p>Repetitive eructation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with passing gas through the mouth and is often a result of swallowing air unintentionally?

    <p>Aerophagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a feature of functional GI symptoms?

    <p>Repetitive eructation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often characterized by symptoms not being indicative of an underlying organic disease?

    <p>Flatulence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible correlate with chronic eructation in patients with functional GI symptoms?

    <p>Male &gt;50 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a possible contributor to flatulence and repetitive eructation in a patient with functional GI symptoms?

    <p>Reflex dyspepsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature distinguishes flatulence from other functional GI symptoms?

    <p>No predictive value for organic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of functional GI symptoms, what is the key characteristic of chronic eructation?

    <p>Repetitive passage of gas through the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

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