History 175: Final Exam Review

Hitler's rise to power as Chancellor of Germany in 1933 marked a pivotal moment, setting the stage for his totalitarian regime and the expansion of Nazi Germany. The Great Depression and aftermath of WWI made the nation susceptible to his nationalist promises.

Aryanization was a systematic process of stripping Jewish people of their property, businesses, and professions in Nazi Germany. It involved forced sales, partnerships, and exclusion from higher education, leaving Jewish people economically vulnerable and marginalized.

The Nazi regime targeted Jewish businesses and assets, forcing Jews to accept 'Aryan' partners or sell their businesses at a loss. This tactic was designed to economically weaken the Jewish community and ultimately dismantle their livelihoods.

The Nazi strategy involved a deliberate delay in Aryanizing the medical profession. They allowed time for non-Jewish doctors to complete their studies so they could replace the existing Jewish doctors.

Nazi Germany's Aryanization policies were motivated by a racist ideology that viewed Jews as inferior and a threat to the German nation. This ideology fueled a campaign of systematic persecution and dispossession, leading to the Holocaust.

The largest Jewish resistance movement during WWII, involving around 700 fighters, 7,000 deaths, 7,000 captured, and 42,000 deported.

The systematic murder of Jews in German-occupied Poland, implemented in March 1942, resulting in the deaths of around 1.7 million Jews.

The site of a conference in 1942 where Nazi officials formalized the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question", leading to the construction of death camps.

A cyanide-based pesticide used in Nazi death camps to murder Jews, killing approximately 1.1 million, starting in 1942.

A German Nazi who organized train schedules to transport Jews to labor and death camps. He was instrumental in implementing the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question."

A period of intense resistance by Jewish fighters in the Warsaw Ghetto, starting in April 1943.

A large-scale killing operation against Jews, implemented by Nazi Germany, in which around 1.5 million Jews were murdered before death camps were constructed.

A type of camp used by the Nazis during WWII, where prisoners were forced into slave labor.

A type of camp used by the Nazis during WWII, where Jews were imprisoned and eventually murdered.

A type of camp used by the Nazis during WWII, where Jews were concentrated and isolated from the general population.

Nazi-imposed Jewish councils in ghettos, forced to collaborate in dehumanizing tasks like providing maps, census data, and Jews for deportation to death camps.

A Jewish partisan leader from Vilna Ghetto in Lithuania. He recognized the Holocaust's goal was the extermination of all Jews and attempted to organize an uprising in the Vilna Ghetto.

A Polish engineer and senator, chosen by the Nazis to head the Warsaw Ghetto.

The Nazi policy of imposing starvation on the Jewish populations within ghettos, resulting in the deaths of tens of thousands of Jews.

The Nazi's use of Judenrat to sow distrust among the Jewish populations within ghettos.

The Judenrat's responsibility to manage basic aspects of life within the ghetto, including housing, food, and education.

The horrific situation faced by the Judenrat, forced to choose Jews for deportation to death camps, often including vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.

A set of laws enacted in Nazi Germany in 1935 that stripped Jews of their citizenship and rights, based on the racist ideology of racial purity.

The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany in 1938, marking a significant step in Hitler's expansionist goals.

A nationwide pogrom against Jews in Nazi Germany in 1938, characterized by widespread violence, destruction of property, and the burning of synagogues.

A Polish Jew who shot a German diplomat in Paris in 1938, triggering the Kristallnacht pogrom.

A Jewish humanitarian organization founded in 1914 to aid Jews in Eastern Europe. During the Nazi period, they focused on providing aid and facilitating emigration for Jewish refugees.

An international conference held in France in 1938 to discuss the refugee crisis caused by Nazi persecution of Jews. However, most countries, including the US and Britain, refused to accept Jewish refugees.

A site of mass murder carried out by Nazi forces during their invasion of the Soviet Union, where an estimated 100,000-150,000 people were killed.

A Polish Jewish historian who lived and documented life in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Nazi occupation.

An archive of Jewish life in the Warsaw Ghetto during the Nazi occupation, compiled by Emanuel Ringelblum and his team.

Laws that restricted Jewish rights and enforced racial discrimination in Nazi Germany.

The event that marked the beginning of Nazi Germany's systematic persecution of the Jews.

The reason why the Evian Conference failed to address the refugee crisis.

The primary focus of the Joint Distribution Committee during the Nazi period.

The historical significance of the Oyneg Shabbes archive.

Displaced Persons camps (DP camps) were established in American Occupied Germany after WWII to provide shelter, food, and services to Jewish refugees who had lost everything during the Holocaust.

Most of the Jews in DP camps were refugees from Poland who had fled Nazi-occupied territories during the war. Many were not Holocaust survivors but had evaded Nazi persecution by escaping to the Soviet Union.

DP camps provided necessities like food, shelter, and medical care, but also had schools and job opportunities, allowing refugees to rebuild their lives.

DP camps facilitated a surge in marriages and birth rates among the residents, as a response to the need for population growth and community rebuilding.

The Kielce pogrom was a violent anti-Semitic attack in 1946 Poland, where 47 Jewish survivors were murdered by a mob fueled by false accusations and antisemitic rumors.

The Kielce pogrom was sparked by false allegations of blood libel, a medieval myth that accused Jews of ritually murdering Christian children. This false accusation fueled anti-Semitic anger and led to the violent pogrom.

The 1948 Arab-Israeli War, known as the Nakba by Palestinians, was a major conflict that resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians.

Operation Magic Carpet was a 1949-1950 airlift that brought 49,000 Yemenite Jews to Israel, diversifying Israel's population and bringing new communities together.

Operation Ezra and Nehemiah was a 1950-1951 initiative to transport around 120,000-130,000 Iraqi Jews to Israel, driven by the persecution of Jews in Iraq and Israel's Law of Return.

The Law of Return, passed in 1950 by Israel, granted automatic citizenship to any Jewish immigrant who chose to come to Israel, ensuring the country's future as a Jewish state.