Historiography of the American West

They have recognized the waste and exploitation of immigrants and rejected the view of European superiority.

It highlights the importance of race, showing how being white facilitated access to power in the western expansion.

She argued that they were designed to ensure compliance with the US Constitution and promote Americanization.

<p>The state constitutions asserted white supremacy by prioritizing the interests of white settlers over native and Hispano cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They denounce the abuses and argue that the traditional narrative oversimplifies the complexities of power dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It constrained the states from drafting any constitutions that contradicted the federal Constitution, impacting local governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New historians were the first to openly denounce the brutality faced by American Indians during the conquest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It illustrates the continuous interaction and conflict among different cultural groups vying for prominence in the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressives see the New Deal as a continuation of the liberal heritage, which includes earlier democratic measures aimed at improving daily life through government intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first hundred days of the New Deal are significant because they saw an unprecedented number of reforms and governmental actions taken in such a short period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative historians argue that the New Deal limited personal freedom and personal growth, contradicting American values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The historian Lewis Hackler classified the New Deal as the Third American Revolution, indicating its transformative impact on American society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative writers express that the New Deal represents a contradiction to the tradition of minimal federal government involvement in individuals' lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Progressive School connects the New Deal to earlier populist movements by highlighting a historical struggle against monopoly and privilege, rooted in the people's party of the late 19th century.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conservative historians generally align with the Republican Party and critique the New Deal for fostering government decisions that they view as un-American.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Progressive historians view the New Deal as a counterpoint to laissez-faire economics, promoting government intervention to rectify social inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railroads provided essential transportation for goods and people, facilitating settlement and economic integration in the West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land along railroad tracks was valuable because it offered immediate access to transportation and goods, encouraging settlement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railroad companies preferred European, rural, white, and Protestant settlers to establish a familiar hierarchy similar to the East.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Settlers faced significant challenges due to the arid environment, particularly the scarcity of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These historians emphasize the impact of the environment on culture, institutions, and the experiences of settlers in the West.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They offer an alternative to the triumphalist view by focusing on the complexities of settlement rather than glorifying heroes and cowboys.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Railroads helped to unify the nation by connecting the dislocated regions of the North, South, and West, promoting economic cooperation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'melting pot' suggests diversity and democracy, but historical realities reveal a focus on establishing a white, Protestant hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hofstadter viewed the New Deal as a pragmatic response to the economic crisis, focusing on regulated wages, public works, and working hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They argued that the New Deal failed to adequately address the needs and rights of minorities, particularly African Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historians agree that WWII ultimately saved the country and led to economic recovery, rather than the New Deal policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Republicans accused Roosevelt of being a socialist and criticized the New Deal as a product of capitalism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failures included the lack of new employment opportunities before WWII and insufficient wealth distribution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggested that Roosevelt did not do enough to radically transform the economic system and mainly maintained it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recent historians focus more on the impacts of the New Deal from below and its effects on ordinary people rather than just government policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luthenberg pointed out Roosevelt's shortcomings in not doing enough for various societal issues and merely maintaining the existing system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear fear led Reagan to adopt a less aggressive stance, contributing to the easing of tensions and the so-called 'Reagan reversal'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Soviet Union was facing serious systemic crises that required political and economic reforms to avoid collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Garthoff believed the end of the Cold War resulted more from Gorbachev's policies, such as reducing military buildup, than from Reagan's actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This rhetoric illustrated Reagan's initial hardline stance towards the Soviet Union, which later softened during his second term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilson's book suggests that the leaders discovered rather than designed the course that led to the Cold War's end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Initially tense, their relationship improved significantly, culminating in Reagan becoming a good friend of Gorbachev.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their willingness to pivot allowed for increased dialogue and cooperation, facilitating the end of hostilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reagan's goal was to end the Cold War, although he was uncertain about how to achieve that.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both emphasize that reason alone cannot sustain community; emotional connections are essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The public largely favored lower taxes despite concerns about reduced public services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions are problematic and cannot be debated or tested like reason and judgment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He suggests that emotional attachments often lead citizens to prioritize personal interests over communal ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Senators were elected by a body of higher electors due to fears of uneducated mob rule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biased loyalties shape voting behavior, often favoring personal or community interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotions, particularly anger towards the federal government, intensified public responses in the campaign.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Today, the American president is elected by popular vote rather than solely by electors.</p> Signup and view all the answers