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Questions and Answers
The American Historical Association defines history as the ______ process whereby people seek to understand the past.
The American Historical Association defines history as the ______ process whereby people seek to understand the past.
never-ending
Aristotle considered history to be a ______ account of a set of natural phenomena.
Aristotle considered history to be a ______ account of a set of natural phenomena.
systematic
Published documents are intended for ______ or use.
Published documents are intended for ______ or use.
public
Unpublished documents are often kept in ______ and are confidential.
Unpublished documents are often kept in ______ and are confidential.
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The foremost depository for students of history in the Philippines is the ______ of the Philippines.
The foremost depository for students of history in the Philippines is the ______ of the Philippines.
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The Spanish government launched the Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) to provide free access to ______ copies of documents.
The Spanish government launched the Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES) to provide free access to ______ copies of documents.
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The Philippines was once part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with its capital located in ______.
The Philippines was once part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with its capital located in ______.
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During a brief period in the 18th century, the ______ occupied Manila.
During a brief period in the 18th century, the ______ occupied Manila.
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Jose Rizal researched to annotate the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas of Antonio de ______.
Jose Rizal researched to annotate the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas of Antonio de ______.
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Archives such as archive.org and Project ______ offer a wide array of scanned sources.
Archives such as archive.org and Project ______ offer a wide array of scanned sources.
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Primary sources and secondary sources are the main types of ______ sources.
Primary sources and secondary sources are the main types of ______ sources.
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Unwritten sources include archaeological evidence, oral evidence, and material ______.
Unwritten sources include archaeological evidence, oral evidence, and material ______.
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Archaeological evidence refers to remains such as ______ and ecofacts.
Archaeological evidence refers to remains such as ______ and ecofacts.
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Oral evidence includes folk tales, myths, legends, and folk ______.
Oral evidence includes folk tales, myths, legends, and folk ______.
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Material evidence includes photographs, art works, videos, and sound ______.
Material evidence includes photographs, art works, videos, and sound ______.
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Content analysis is a research method for studying primary sources such as documents and communications ______.
Content analysis is a research method for studying primary sources such as documents and communications ______.
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Study Notes
Repositories of Historical Sources
- History is a continuous process of understanding the past.
- Aristotle stated that history is a systematic account of natural phenomena.
- Zeus Salazar described history as a narrative meaningful to a specific group, rooted in their language and culture.
Theories in Investigating History
- Factual history presents basic information (what, when, and who).
- Speculative history explores the "why" and "how" behind events to understand cause and effect.
Published Documents
- Published documents are intended for public distribution and use.
- Examples include newspapers, magazines, books, laws, and literary works.
Unpublished Documents
- Unpublished documents are often kept private and are confidential.
- Locating them can be challenging.
Philippine Depositories
- The National Library of the Philippines (NLP) is a key repository for historical sources.
- The NLP has a Filipiniana Division and a Microfilm Section.
- The Archdiocesan Archives of Manila, located in Intramuros, is another significant depository.
- Local historical networks also hold historical materials.
Spanish Depositories
- The Spanish government offers free access to digitized copies of historical documents through the Portal de Archivos Españoles (PARES).
- Repositories include the Archivo General de Indias (Seville), Archivo Historico Nacional (Madrid), and Museo Naval (Madrid).
Mexican Depository
- The Philippines was once part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, with its capital in Mexico.
- Ties between the Philippines and Mexico ended with Mexico's 1821 independence.
- Historical documents from this period might be found in Mexico's Archivo General de la Nación.
British Depository
- British occupation of Manila (1762-1764) led to some Spanish-era documents being transferred to the British Museum.
- Rizal researched at the British Museum to annotate the "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas" by Antonio de Morga.
American Depositories
- Online archives are beneficial for researchers without access to physical repositories.
- Archives like archive.org and Project Gutenberg offer digitized historical materials.
- Major archives in the US include the National Archives and Records Service (NARS), Library of Congress, and Harvard and Stanford Universities.
Classification and Types of Historical Sources
- Historical sources include relics, remains, and testimonies from the past.
- Artifacts are silent witnesses to a time period.
- Excavations unearth evidence like natural remains.
Main Types of Written Sources
- Primary sources are firsthand accounts—original documents.
- Secondary sources analyze or interpret primary sources.
Unwritten Sources
- Unwritten sources include archaeological evidence, oral evidence, and material evidence.
Archaeological Evidence
- Archaeological evidence includes artifacts and ecofacts providing insights into past cultures.
- Artifacts reflect the lifestyle, artistic expressions, and tools of past populations.
Oral Evidence
- Oral sources—tales, myths, legends, folk songs, and rituals give clues to culture and social conditions.
Material Evidence
- Material evidence comprises tangible items like photos, artworks, videos, and sound recordings.
How to Analyze Primary Sources
- Content analysis is a research method studying primary sources (documents, communications, artifacts).
- Content analysis can study text, images, audio, video.
- Analysis may differ based on source location.
Klaus Krippendorff's Considerations
- Krippendorff defined crucial aspects in content analysis—data definition, population, relevant content, analysis limits and measurement methods.
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Description
Explore the various repositories of historical sources and understand different theories in investigating history. This quiz covers both published and unpublished documents, focusing on their significance in the study of history. Test your knowledge about key institutions like the National Library of the Philippines.
