Historical Antecedents in Science and Technology

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Questions and Answers

What major contribution is associated with the Babylonian civilization?

The coliseum

The Great Wall of China

The hanging gardens (correct)

Gunpowder

Which ancient civilization is known for inventing the first writing system called cuneiform?

Greek

Sumerian (correct)

Babylonian

Egyptian

Which of the following was a significant achievement of the Egyptians?

Construction of aqueducts

Creation of papyrus (correct)

Development of the alarm clock

Invention of gunpowder

Which civilization is credited with the establishment of the Olympic Games?

Greek Signup and view all the answers

What advancement is the Roman Empire particularly known for in terms of infrastructure?

Building aqueducts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inventions is attributed to Johann Gutenberg?

The cast type printing press Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient civilization is known for the silk trade and the production of gunpowder?

China Signup and view all the answers

In which period was the printing press developed to accelerate the publication of books?

Middle Ages Signup and view all the answers

What significant model did Nicolaus Copernicus propose?

Heliocentrism Signup and view all the answers

What principle does the ID operate on according to Sigmund Freud's theory?

Pleasure principle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

Individuals with traits suited to the environment are more likely to reproduce Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main contributions of the Age of Enlightenment?

Advancement of reason and humanism Signup and view all the answers

What innovation is NOT associated with the Industrial Revolution?

Geocentrism Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of human behavior does Freud’s superego primarily regulate?

Moral standards and guilt Signup and view all the answers

During which century did the major innovations of the Industrial Revolution begin?

18th century Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric theory?

He faced persecution as a heretic Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the primary contributions of Federico Faura in 1897?

He established the Manila Observatory. Signup and view all the answers

What major event occurred in 1957 that affected the scientific community in the Philippines?

The enactment of the Science Act of 1958. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization was established under the Science Act of 1957 to guide science policy in the Philippines?

National Science Development Board (NSDB) Signup and view all the answers

What significant action did President Ferdinand E. Marcos take to enhance agricultural science?

Creation of the National Grains Authority. Signup and view all the answers

Which organization did Corazon Aquino establish to replace the National Science and Technology Authority?

Department of Science and Technology Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary goal of the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology during Corazon Aquino’s presidency?

To achieve newly industrialized country status by 2000. Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor contributing to the deterioration of science and technology noted in 1957?

The death of highly trained scientists. Signup and view all the answers

What institution was created to explore the use of atomic energy for economic development?

Philippine Atomic Energy Commission Signup and view all the answers

What notable contribution did the Maya civilization make in the field of astronomy?

They accurately observed celestial phenomena and movements of planets. Signup and view all the answers

Which technology was NOT developed by ancient Chinese civilizations?

The wheel Signup and view all the answers

Which scholar is known as the 'father of algebra'?

Al-Khwarizmi Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of Ibn al-Haytham's work?

The study of vision, light, and optics. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following advancements is attributed to Indian mathematicians?

Significant advancements in algebra and trigonometry. Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Al-Khwarizmi's work have on future mathematics?

It laid the foundation for algebra and algorithmic techniques. Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes the architectural achievements of the Maya civilization?

The design of pyramids and observatories demonstrating advanced mathematics. Signup and view all the answers

Which region is noted for significant scientific innovation during the Islamic Golden Age?

The Middle East Signup and view all the answers

What was Ibn Sina also known as?

Avicenna Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the contributions of ancient African civilizations?

They made significant advancements in metallurgy, agriculture, and architecture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'The Canon of Medicine' authored by Ibn Sina?

It became a standard medical textbook in both the Islamic world and Europe. Signup and view all the answers

In what areas did ancient Filipinos demonstrate indigenous science and technology?

Farming, animal-raising, and handicrafts. Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient civilization is noted for developing a thriving iron industry?

The Kingdom of Kush in Nubia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following inventions is NOT associated with the ancient Egyptians?

Electric power generation Signup and view all the answers

What major role does science and technology play in nation building?

It contributes to economic growth and social development. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of ancient Filipino life showcased their use of indigenous technology?

Pottery and weaving. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Antecedents in the Course of Science and Technology

Sumerians
- Developed cuneiform, the first writing system.
- Innovations in agriculture included the plow, irrigation, dikes, and the wheel, enhancing food production.
- Utilized rivers and seas for transportation and constructed the first known roads.
Babylonian Civilization
- Located by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known for architectural and engineering advances.
- Famous for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders.
Egyptians
- Renowned for artifacts like Tutankhamun's death mask and the Pyramid of Giza.
- Innovations included the water clock (clepsydra), papyrus, ink, and hieroglyphics.
- Cosmetics and wigs were developed for aesthetic purposes and sun protection.
Greeks
- Birthplace of Western philosophy, with significant contributions to philosophy and mathematics.
- Key inventions included the coliseum, alarm clock, and water mill.
Roman Empire
- Dominated politics and governance, setting standards for codified laws.
- Mastered architecture and engineering with structures like aqueducts, churches, and the coliseum.
- Created the Roman numeral system.
China
- Oldest known civilization in Asia, significant for silk trade and inventions like gunpowder and paper.

Science and Technology in the Middle Ages (Age of Exploration)

Printing Press
- Johann Gutenberg revolutionized printing with a cast type press, enhancing information dissemination.
- Made literature accessible, aiding literacy and knowledge spreading.
American Regime in the Philippines
- Saw rapid development in science and technology with scholarships in science and engineering.
- Introduced public education, vocational courses, and public health programs.
- Established research agencies, including the University of the Philippines Los Baños.

Post-Colonial Science and Technology in the Philippines

1957 Science Decline
- Notable deterioration due to lack of support, loss of trained scientists, and low public awareness.
- Enactment of the Science Act of 1958 to establish the National Science Development Board (NSDB).
Science Act of 1957
- Created the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) and agencies like the National Institute of Science and Technology.
- Aimed at using atomic energy for economic development and modernizing industries.
Marcos Administration
- Increased funding for science education and agricultural development.
- Established agencies for agricultural research and environmental protection like PAGASA.
Aquino Administration
- Transitioned the National Science and Technology Authority to the Department of Science and Technology.
- Implemented the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) to elevate the Philippines to newly industrialized country status by 2000.

Intellectual Revolution

Age of Enlightenment
- An intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries focused on reason, God, nature, and humanity.
Industrial Revolution
- Commenced in the 18th century, introducing innovations like the steam engine and telegraph revolutionizing production and communication.
Key Revolutionary Scientists
- Claudius Ptolemy: Proposed geocentrism, influencing astronomy for 1400 years.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Introduced heliocentrism, facing persecution for his revolutionary ideas.
- Charles Darwin: Formulated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection after extensive studies of biodiversity.
- Sigmund Freud: Developed psychoanalysis, exploring human behavior through the constructs of id, ego, and superego.

Contributions of Civilizations to Science and Technology

Mesoamerica
- Civilizations like the Maya and Aztec advanced astronomy and mathematics, creating sophisticated calendars and architectural structures.
Asia
- Ancient Chinese scholars contributed to mathematics, with inventions like papermaking, printing, and the compass.
- Indian mathematicians developed algebra and the concept of zero.
Middle East
- The Islamic Golden Age saw advancements in various scientific fields, supported by scholars like Al-Khwarizmi, Ibn al-Haytham, and Ibn Sina.
Africa
- Ancient African societies excelled in metallurgy, agriculture, and architecture, with the Kingdom of Kush notable for its iron industry.

Science and Technology and Nation Building

Pre-Colonial Period in the Philippines
- Indigenous science involved farming, animal husbandry, and medicinal plant usage.
- Development of handicrafts and tools underscored the technological ingenuity of early Filipinos.
- Traditional technologies facilitated effective housing, irrigation, and transportation.

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Explore the various scientific and technological advancements from ancient civilizations, particularly focusing on the Sumerians. This quiz will delve into how these developments influenced societal structures and environmental interactions, highlighting the earliest innovations in writing, agriculture, and transportation.