Sumerian Civilization Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following was NOT a main god in Sumerian belief?

Fresh Water
Wind
Sun (correct)
Sky

The Sumerians were known for their monotheistic beliefs, meaning they believed in one god.

False (B)

What were the two major inventions credited to the Sumerians?

The plow and the wheel.

Sumerian society was divided into ______ social classes.

<p>three</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the Sumerian social class with its description:

<p>Upper Class = King, priests, landowners, government officials, and merchants In-between Class = Free people (farmers, artisans) Lower Class = Slaves (often prisoners of war)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Polytheism

The belief in many gods and goddesses, not just one.

Main Sumerian Gods

Four primary gods: sky, mountains, fresh water, and wind.

Sumerian King

A leader chosen for strength to protect the growing city from attacks.

Social Classes in Sumer

Three classes: Upper (king, priests), In-between (free people), Lower (slaves).

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Sumerian Inventions

Major inventions included the plow, wheel, and potter's wheel for agriculture and transport.

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Study Notes

Sumerian Civilization

Religion: The Sumerians believed in polytheism (many gods), not just one god. They believed four main gods (sky, foothills/mountains, fresh water, wind) controlled the world. Each god had a priest who could influence the god to help the city.
New Leadership: As Sumer became wealthy, they faced attacks. They chose a strong warrior to protect them, eventually naming him "King".
Social Classes: Sumerian society had three social classes: upper (king, priests, landowners, officials, merchants), middle (free people - farmers, craftsmen), and lower (slaves). Slaves were often prisoners of war, and some women could gain freedom.
Technology: Sumerians invented the wheel, plow, and potter's wheel. Plows used digging sticks and animal power, and the wheel revolutionized transportation of goods. The potter's wheel helped in pottery making.