Historia de España: Primer Mitad del Siglo XX

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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes etapas marcó el reinado de Alfonso XIII?

  • Los Gobiernos de concentración (1917-1923) (correct)
  • Todas las anteriores (correct)
  • La dictadura de Berenguer (1930-1931) (correct)
  • La dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1923-1930) (correct)
  • El bipartidismo (1902-1917) (correct)

La Segunda República Española se proclamó el 14 de abril de 1931.

True (A)

¿Qué factores contribuyeron a la inestabilidad política durante el reinado de Alfonso XIII?

La intervención del monarca y del ejército en la vida política, las campañas de Marruecos y el descontento de diversos grupos sociales.

El general Miguel Primo de Rivera dio un golpe de estado en ______ iniciando una dictadura de corte fascista.

<p>septiembre de 1923</p> Signup and view all the answers

Empareja cada periodo con el gobernante o figura clave:

<p>Período del bipartidismo = Alfonso XIII Gobiernos de concentración = Alfonso XIII Dictadura de Primo de Rivera = Miguel Primo de Rivera Dictablanda de Berenguer = Dámaso Berenguer</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué eventos históricos marcaron la primera mitad del siglo XX en España?

<p>El reinado de Alfonso XIII (A), La regencia de María Cristina de Habsburgo-Lorena (B), La dictadura franquista (C), La Guerra Civil (D), La Segunda República (E), Todas las anteriores (F), La dictadura de Primo de Rivera (G)</p> Signup and view all the answers

El golpe de estado de Primo de Rivera fue un evento que impulsó la democracia en España.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué eventos motivó el golpe de estado de Primo de Rivera?

<p>La presunta responsabilidad de los altos mandos del ejército en la derrota de la batalla de Annual, el descrédito del sistema parlamentario y la agitación social.</p> Signup and view all the answers

La segunda república española fue proclamada el ______ de ______ de ______.

<p>14 de abril de 1931</p> Signup and view all the answers

La dictadura de Primo de Rivera fue un periodo de estabilidad política y social en España.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Conflictos políticos en España

Conflictos entre conservadores y liberales durante el siglo XX.

Regencia de María Cristina

Período de gobierno interino de María Cristina tras la muerte de Alfonso XII.

Reinado de Alfonso XIII

Alfonso XIII fue rey de 1902 a 1931, con varias etapas políticas.

Período de bipartidismo

1902-1917, alternancia en el poder de conservadores y liberales.

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Gobiernos de concentración

1917-1923, gobiernos formados para enfrentar crisis sociales y políticas.

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Dictadura de Primo de Rivera

Dictadura instaurada por Miguel Primo de Rivera entre 1923 y 1930.

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Dictablanda de Berenguer

Gobierno moderado de Berenguer tras la dictadura de Primo de Rivera (1930-1931).

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Segunda República Española

Gobierno democrático proclamado el 14 de abril de 1931, hasta 1939.

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Guerra Civil Española

Conflicto armado (1936-1939) entre republicanos y franquistas.

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Dictadura franquista

Dictadura liderada por Francisco Franco tras la Guerra Civil (1939-1975).

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Study Notes

Spanish History: First Half of the 20th Century

  • Political Conflicts: The first half of the 20th century in Spain saw continuous conflict between conservatives and liberals, including the reign of Alfonso XIII, the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Second Republic, the Spanish Civil War, and the subsequent Franco dictatorship. This period was particularly tumultuous.

Reign of Alfonso XIII

  • Majority of Age: Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) reached his majority in 1902, at age 16, and swore an oath to the Constitution.
  • Early Reign: His reign marked the first part of the 20th century in Spain.
  • Four Distinct Periods: His reign encompassed four distinct periods:
  • Bi-Partisan Period (1902-1917): Conservative and liberal parties exchanged power, but were hampered by the monarchy and military in politics. Political instability was heightened by the Moroccan campaigns (1909-1927) and worker protests.
  • Concentration Governments (1917-1923): This period followed a crisis resolved by military intervention and a shift towards coalition governments. It represented the end of the bi-partisan system. There were 13 changes in government in four years.
  • Primo de Rivera Dictatorship (1923-1930): General Miguel Primo de Rivera overthrew the government with a fascist-leaning dictatorship supported by the business community and conservative groups. His action was motivated by the army's perceived responsibility for a military defeat at Annual (1921), and the political instability of the time.
  • Berenguer's "Soft Dictatorship" (1930-1931): Primo de Rivera's resignation was followed by the appointment of General Berenguer, who ultimately failed to restore stability to the country, leading to further turmoil.

The Spanish Republic (1931-1939)

  • Establishment: The Second Republic was established in 1931 following the abdication and exile of Alfonso XIII.
  • Social and Political Reforms: The Republic aimed at modernizing Spanish society and addressing issues like cultural and scientific underdevelopment, military issues, relations with the Church, land reforms, and the establishment of a democratic state.

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