Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of anatomical pathology in relation to disease diagnosis?
What is the primary function of anatomical pathology in relation to disease diagnosis?
What is the correct sequence of steps for the Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) in handling surgical specimens?
What is the correct sequence of steps for the Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) in handling surgical specimens?
What is the purpose of the Laboratory Information System (LIS) in relation to laboratory results?
What is the purpose of the Laboratory Information System (LIS) in relation to laboratory results?
What information should the laboratory request form provide for LIS registration and specimen accessioning?
What information should the laboratory request form provide for LIS registration and specimen accessioning?
Signup and view all the answers
What should the Medical Laboratory Technologist do if they encounter missing information on a laboratory form or specimen?
What should the Medical Laboratory Technologist do if they encounter missing information on a laboratory form or specimen?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of connective tissue is found in lymph nodes?
What type of connective tissue is found in lymph nodes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the Generic Clinical Request System (GCRS) label attached to the specimen?
What is the primary purpose of the Generic Clinical Request System (GCRS) label attached to the specimen?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of adipose connective tissue?
What is the primary function of adipose connective tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of connective tissue in the body's defense against infection?
What is the role of connective tissue in the body's defense against infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of mesenchymal connective tissue in the adult body?
What is the function of mesenchymal connective tissue in the adult body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of elastic connective tissue?
What is the primary function of elastic connective tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of connective tissue in the healing of wounds?
What is the role of connective tissue in the healing of wounds?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the PAP test in gynecological cytology?
What is the primary function of the PAP test in gynecological cytology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the thyroid gland?
What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the thyroid gland?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe a change in the structure of an organ or part of an organ due to disease or injury?
What is the term used to describe a change in the structure of an organ or part of an organ due to disease or injury?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of epithelial lining found in the urethra?
What is the type of epithelial lining found in the urethra?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues?
What is the term used to describe the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of epithelial lining found in the paranasal sinuses?
What is the type of epithelial lining found in the paranasal sinuses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of the entire epithelium covering the cervix in CIN 3?
What is the characteristic of the entire epithelium covering the cervix in CIN 3?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of cervical diagnostic methods in CIN?
What is the primary purpose of cervical diagnostic methods in CIN?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic method for CIN?
Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic method for CIN?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the doctor in diagnosing CIN?
What is the role of the doctor in diagnosing CIN?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of a histopathology laboratory?
What is the primary purpose of a histopathology laboratory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of receiving and processing tissue samples in a histopathology laboratory?
What is the term for the process of receiving and processing tissue samples in a histopathology laboratory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of a 'U' present in the GCRS label just before the test code?
What is the significance of a 'U' present in the GCRS label just before the test code?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of the fume hood in the laboratory?
What is the primary function of the fume hood in the laboratory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the cold plate in the embedding center?
What is the purpose of the cold plate in the embedding center?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of the Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain?
What is the primary goal of the Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between Anatomical & Cellular Pathology (ACP) specimens and other specimens?
What is the main difference between Anatomical & Cellular Pathology (ACP) specimens and other specimens?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of storing and retaining clinical specimens?
What is the main purpose of storing and retaining clinical specimens?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Connective Tissue
- Connective tissue is classified into several types:
- Connective tissue proper (dense, adipose, specialized)
- Reticular connective tissue (e.g., lymph nodes)
- Elastic connective tissue (e.g., walls of large arteries)
- Embryonic connective tissue
- Mesenchymal connective tissue (e.g., around adult blood vessels)
- Mucous connective tissue (e.g., umbilical cord)
- General functions of connective tissue include:
- Supporting and binding other tissues
- Defending and protecting the body against infection
- Providing metabolic support to cells
- Healing wounds
- Storing fat for reserve and insulation
Specimen Accessioning and Processing
- Functions of anatomical pathology include:
- Diagnosis of disease based on macroscopic, microscopic, immunologic, chemical, and molecular examinations
- Basic procedures of specimen reception and accessioning in histopathology and cytology include:
- Handling urgent requests
- Ensuring specimens and laboratory request forms meet acceptance requirements
- Segregating specimens into histopathology and cytology requests
- Segregating surgical specimens into all-embedded and cut-up cases
- The Laboratory Information System (LIS) is used for:
- Recording laboratory results
- Tracing laboratory results
- Reporting laboratory results
- Statistics and data processing
- The Medical Laboratory Technologist should be proficient in:
- Registering and accessioning specimens in LIS
- Using the laboratory request form for LIS registration and specimen accessioning
- Ensuring accurate and complete information on the laboratory request form
Muscle Tissue
- Types of muscle tissue:
- Skeletal muscle
- Characteristics: voluntary, striated, and multinucleated
- Structure of muscle fiber:
- Sarcolemma
- Sarcoplasm
- Myofibrils
- Sarcomeres
Nervous System
- Components of the nervous system:
- Central nervous system (CNS)
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- Neurons
- Neuroglia
- Structure of the neuron:
- Dendrites
- Cell body
- Axon
- Terminal buttons
- Signal transmission through neurons:
- Chemical signals
- Electrical signals
- Travel of messages in the nervous system:
- Synaptic transmission
- Neurotransmitters
Epithelial Tissue
- Types of epithelial tissue:
- Simple cuboidal epithelium (e.g., thyroid gland)
- Simple columnar epithelium (e.g., gall bladder, large intestine)
- Pseudstratified ciliated columnar epithelium (e.g., paranasal sinuses)
- Stratified columnar epithelium (e.g., urethra, transitional epithelium of urinary bladder)
- Stratified squamous epithelium (e.g., ectocervix)
Gynecological Cytology
- Gynecological cytology is also known as the PAP test
- A cervical sample is observed under the microscope to screen for lesions or cancer that can develop into cervical cancer
Histology and Cytology Terminology
-
Lesion: a change in the structure of a organ or part of an organ due to disease or injury
-
Neoplasia: abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues, with the abnormal growth itself named a neoplasm### Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
-
CIN 3 (high grade): the entire thickness of the epithelium covering the cervix has abnormal cells
-
No symptoms, diagnosis requires cervical diagnostic methods using screening and examinations
Diagnostic Methods of CIN
- HPV screening
- Cytologic examination (Papanicolaou smear)
- Cervical biopsy and histologic examination
- Colposcopy
Specimen Accessioning and Processing
- Specimen registration using a barcode reader
- Labeling with a unique specimen number and barcode
- Generation of a worksheet automatically by the computer system
- Verification of information on the worksheet and specimen label
Anatomical and Cellular Pathology (ACP)
- Divided into 5 types of test codes in Hospital Authority:
- Cytology Examination (AN, AG, AF)
- Histology Examination (A, AS)
- Urgent requests are indicated by "U" in the label
Procedures of Specimen Grossing
- Printing of specimen cassettes
- Matching of cassette and specimen number
- Selection of tissue blocks by pathologist
- Specimen cassette placement
- Wrapping of tiny tissues with wrapping paper
- Closing of cassettes
- Making remarks to cassettes if necessary
Examples of Surgical Specimens
- Skin, lung, liver, stomach, colon, ovary, pancreas, bone, tongue, breast, esophagus, thyroid
All-Embedded Specimens
- Suitable for small sample size or volume
- Do not require grossing or block-taking by pathologists
- Examples: nasal biopsy, esophagus biopsy, gastric biopsy, cervical biopsy, bladder biopsy, pleural biopsy, uterine curettage
Tissue Embedding
- Using paraffin wax
- Melting point of paraffin wax: around 58°C
- Temperature of melted wax: 2-4°C above melting point
- Components of embedding center: cold plate, heated workspace, paraffin wax reservoir, paraffin dispense paddle, touchscreen controls, built-in lighting
Microtomy
- Using rotary microtome
- Paraffin tissue sections floating onto water bath
- Optimum temperature for water bath: 40°C-50°C
- Procedures of paraffin section(s) pick up from water bath
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain
- Major steps: remove paraffin wax, hydrate, stain nuclei, complete nuclear stain, remove excess background stain, counterstain with eosin, dehydrate, mount
- Purpose: facilitates microscopic examination of cells, structure, and morphological changes
Molecular Biology Study
- Examines molecular and biochemical processes in cells
- Seeks additional diagnostic information
- Examples: DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, infections, diseases
Storage and Retention of Specimens and Documents
- Considerations: condition of storage, proper labeling, minimal retention time, maximal retention time
- Examples of specimens: surgical tissues, all-embedded, fixed in formalin, fresh surgical tissue, post-mortem specimens, cytology specimens, paraffin blocks, stained and unstained tissue in glass slides
- Examples of documents: laboratory request forms, worksheet records, laboratory reports, internal audits reports, equipment maintenance records, internal quality control records, external quality assurance records, standard operation procedures
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of the basic procedures involved in specimen reception and accessioning in histopathology and cytology, including the functions of anatomical pathology and medical laboratory procedures.
