Histopathology and Cytology: Specimen Reception and Accessioning
30 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of anatomical pathology in relation to disease diagnosis?

  • To develop new medical laboratory technologies
  • To provide medical treatment plans
  • To examine organs and tissues through various methods (correct)
  • To conduct patient interviews and medical histories

    • What is the correct sequence of steps for the Medical Laboratory Technologist (MLT) in handling surgical specimens?

  • Check laboratory request forms, then segregate into all-embedded and cut-up cases
  • Segregate into histopathology and cytology requests, then handle cut-up cases
  • Handle urgent requests, then segregate into histopathology and cytology requests (correct)
  • Segregate into all-embedded cases, then cut-up cases, and finally register in LIS

    • What is the purpose of the Laboratory Information System (LIS) in relation to laboratory results?

  • To record and report laboratory results, and perform statistical analysis (correct)
  • To provide medical treatment plans and diagnoses
  • To store patient demographic data
  • To handle and store laboratory equipment and supplies

    • What information should the laboratory request form provide for LIS registration and specimen accessioning?

    <p>All of the above, including doctor's name/code and clinical history</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the Medical Laboratory Technologist do if they encounter missing information on a laboratory form or specimen?

    <p>Check the laboratory form, unit/ward, and operating theater list for missing information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue is found in lymph nodes?

    <p>Reticular Connective Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the Generic Clinical Request System (GCRS) label attached to the specimen?

    <p>To facilitate specimen tracking and identification in the laboratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of adipose connective tissue?

    <p>To store fat as a reserve and for insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of connective tissue in the body's defense against infection?

    <p>To defend the body against infection through the presence of white blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of mesenchymal connective tissue in the adult body?

    <p>To surround adult blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of elastic connective tissue?

    <p>To allow for flexibility and elasticity in certain tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of connective tissue in the healing of wounds?

    <p>To facilitate the healing process by providing a framework for tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the PAP test in gynecological cytology?

    <p>To screen for a lesion or cancer that can develop into cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the epithelial lining in the thyroid gland?

    <p>Simple cuboidal epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a change in the structure of an organ or part of an organ due to disease or injury?

    <p>Lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of epithelial lining found in the urethra?

    <p>Transitional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of epithelial lining found in the paranasal sinuses?

    <p>Pseudistratified ciliated columnar epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the entire epithelium covering the cervix in CIN 3?

    <p>The entire thickness of the epithelium has abnormal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of cervical diagnostic methods in CIN?

    <p>To diagnose and monitor patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common diagnostic method for CIN?

    <p>Mammography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the doctor in diagnosing CIN?

    <p>To select the diagnostic methods and sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a histopathology laboratory?

    <p>To process and examine tissue samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of receiving and processing tissue samples in a histopathology laboratory?

    <p>Specimen accessioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a 'U' present in the GCRS label just before the test code?

    <p>It signifies that the GCRS request for the patient is urgent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the fume hood in the laboratory?

    <p>To provide proper ventilation and airflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the cold plate in the embedding center?

    <p>To maintain a stable temperature for the paraffin wax</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain?

    <p>To facilitate the microscopic examination of cells, structures, and morphological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Anatomical & Cellular Pathology (ACP) specimens and other specimens?

    <p>ACP specimens are categorized into 5 types of test codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of storing and retaining clinical specimens?

    <p>To provide evidence for quality control and quality assurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Connective Tissue

    • Connective tissue is classified into several types:
      • Connective tissue proper (dense, adipose, specialized)
      • Reticular connective tissue (e.g., lymph nodes)
      • Elastic connective tissue (e.g., walls of large arteries)
      • Embryonic connective tissue
      • Mesenchymal connective tissue (e.g., around adult blood vessels)
      • Mucous connective tissue (e.g., umbilical cord)
    • General functions of connective tissue include:
      • Supporting and binding other tissues
      • Defending and protecting the body against infection
      • Providing metabolic support to cells
      • Healing wounds
      • Storing fat for reserve and insulation

    Specimen Accessioning and Processing

    • Functions of anatomical pathology include:
      • Diagnosis of disease based on macroscopic, microscopic, immunologic, chemical, and molecular examinations
    • Basic procedures of specimen reception and accessioning in histopathology and cytology include:
      • Handling urgent requests
      • Ensuring specimens and laboratory request forms meet acceptance requirements
      • Segregating specimens into histopathology and cytology requests
      • Segregating surgical specimens into all-embedded and cut-up cases
    • The Laboratory Information System (LIS) is used for:
      • Recording laboratory results
      • Tracing laboratory results
      • Reporting laboratory results
      • Statistics and data processing
    • The Medical Laboratory Technologist should be proficient in:
      • Registering and accessioning specimens in LIS
      • Using the laboratory request form for LIS registration and specimen accessioning
      • Ensuring accurate and complete information on the laboratory request form

    Muscle Tissue

    • Types of muscle tissue:
      • Skeletal muscle
      • Characteristics: voluntary, striated, and multinucleated
      • Structure of muscle fiber:
        • Sarcolemma
        • Sarcoplasm
        • Myofibrils
        • Sarcomeres

    Nervous System

    • Components of the nervous system:
      • Central nervous system (CNS)
      • Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
      • Neurons
      • Neuroglia
    • Structure of the neuron:
      • Dendrites
      • Cell body
      • Axon
      • Terminal buttons
    • Signal transmission through neurons:
      • Chemical signals
      • Electrical signals
    • Travel of messages in the nervous system:
      • Synaptic transmission
      • Neurotransmitters

    Epithelial Tissue

    • Types of epithelial tissue:
      • Simple cuboidal epithelium (e.g., thyroid gland)
      • Simple columnar epithelium (e.g., gall bladder, large intestine)
      • Pseudstratified ciliated columnar epithelium (e.g., paranasal sinuses)
      • Stratified columnar epithelium (e.g., urethra, transitional epithelium of urinary bladder)
      • Stratified squamous epithelium (e.g., ectocervix)

    Gynecological Cytology

    • Gynecological cytology is also known as the PAP test
    • A cervical sample is observed under the microscope to screen for lesions or cancer that can develop into cervical cancer

    Histology and Cytology Terminology

    • Lesion: a change in the structure of a organ or part of an organ due to disease or injury

    • Neoplasia: abnormal and uncontrolled growth of cells or tissues, with the abnormal growth itself named a neoplasm### Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

    • CIN 3 (high grade): the entire thickness of the epithelium covering the cervix has abnormal cells

    • No symptoms, diagnosis requires cervical diagnostic methods using screening and examinations

    Diagnostic Methods of CIN

    • HPV screening
    • Cytologic examination (Papanicolaou smear)
    • Cervical biopsy and histologic examination
    • Colposcopy

    Specimen Accessioning and Processing

    • Specimen registration using a barcode reader
    • Labeling with a unique specimen number and barcode
    • Generation of a worksheet automatically by the computer system
    • Verification of information on the worksheet and specimen label

    Anatomical and Cellular Pathology (ACP)

    • Divided into 5 types of test codes in Hospital Authority:
      • Cytology Examination (AN, AG, AF)
      • Histology Examination (A, AS)
    • Urgent requests are indicated by "U" in the label

    Procedures of Specimen Grossing

    • Printing of specimen cassettes
    • Matching of cassette and specimen number
    • Selection of tissue blocks by pathologist
    • Specimen cassette placement
    • Wrapping of tiny tissues with wrapping paper
    • Closing of cassettes
    • Making remarks to cassettes if necessary

    Examples of Surgical Specimens

    • Skin, lung, liver, stomach, colon, ovary, pancreas, bone, tongue, breast, esophagus, thyroid

    All-Embedded Specimens

    • Suitable for small sample size or volume
    • Do not require grossing or block-taking by pathologists
    • Examples: nasal biopsy, esophagus biopsy, gastric biopsy, cervical biopsy, bladder biopsy, pleural biopsy, uterine curettage

    Tissue Embedding

    • Using paraffin wax
    • Melting point of paraffin wax: around 58°C
    • Temperature of melted wax: 2-4°C above melting point
    • Components of embedding center: cold plate, heated workspace, paraffin wax reservoir, paraffin dispense paddle, touchscreen controls, built-in lighting

    Microtomy

    • Using rotary microtome
    • Paraffin tissue sections floating onto water bath
    • Optimum temperature for water bath: 40°C-50°C
    • Procedures of paraffin section(s) pick up from water bath

    Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) Stain

    • Major steps: remove paraffin wax, hydrate, stain nuclei, complete nuclear stain, remove excess background stain, counterstain with eosin, dehydrate, mount
    • Purpose: facilitates microscopic examination of cells, structure, and morphological changes

    Molecular Biology Study

    • Examines molecular and biochemical processes in cells
    • Seeks additional diagnostic information
    • Examples: DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein translation, infections, diseases

    Storage and Retention of Specimens and Documents

    • Considerations: condition of storage, proper labeling, minimal retention time, maximal retention time
    • Examples of specimens: surgical tissues, all-embedded, fixed in formalin, fresh surgical tissue, post-mortem specimens, cytology specimens, paraffin blocks, stained and unstained tissue in glass slides
    • Examples of documents: laboratory request forms, worksheet records, laboratory reports, internal audits reports, equipment maintenance records, internal quality control records, external quality assurance records, standard operation procedures

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Specimen Accessioning And Processing - Histology And Cytology - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the basic procedures involved in specimen reception and accessioning in histopathology and cytology, including the functions of anatomical pathology and medical laboratory procedures.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser