Histology of the Stomach
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Questions and Answers

Which function is NOT performed by the stomach?

  • Secretion of proteolytic enzymes
  • Secretion of insulin (correct)
  • Addition of acidic fluid to ingested food
  • Transformation of food into chyme

    • What type of cells compose the surface epithelium of the stomach?

  • Stratified squamous cells
  • Simple cuboidal cells
  • Simple columnar cells (correct)
  • Transitional epithelial cells

    • What structural feature allows the stomach to accommodate volume changes?

  • Circular folds
  • Rugae (correct)
  • Gastric pits
  • Pyloric sphincter

    • What is the primary function of the surface mucous cells in the stomach?

    <p>Manufacture of thick, insoluble mucus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological characteristic of the lamina propria in the stomach?

    <p>Loose, highly vascular connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the muscularis mucosa in the stomach?

    <p>Formed of smooth muscle arranged in inner circular and outer longitudinal layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The gastric glands in the stomach are characterized as?

    <p>Simple branched tubular structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the pyloric region of the stomach?

    <p>It controls the passage of chyme into the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucous neck cells in the fundic gland?

    <p>Lubrication of gastric content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the fundic gland is primarily responsible for producing hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Oxyntic (parietal) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature of the oxyntic cells increases the surface area for ionic transport during hydrochloric acid formation?

    <p>Microvilli-like projections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the fundic gland are the peptic (chief) cells predominantly located?

    <p>Lower third of the glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cellular structure is abundant in oxyntic cells to support energy needs for ionic transport?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the fundic gland is responsible for the production of intrinsic factor?

    <p>Oxyntic (parietal) cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the tubulovesicular system in oxyntic cells serve?

    <p>Increase surface area for acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the shape of oxyntic cells observed under light microscopy?

    <p>Pyramidal or rounded with one or two central nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the arrangement of gastric pits in the stomach?

    <p>To facilitate better mixing of chyme with gastric juices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer primarily constitutes the pyloric sphincter?

    <p>Thick inner circular smooth muscle layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different types of cells line the simple branched tubular gastric glands?

    <p>Five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly identifies a feature of the cardiac region of the stomach?

    <p>Has wide and shallow pits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do enteroendocrine cells in the gastric glands primarily serve?

    <p>Produce hormones that regulate digestive processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of peptic cells in the gastric glands?

    <p>Producing and secreting digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell primarily secretes serotonin in the gastric glands?

    <p>EC-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is observed in the undifferentiated (stem) cells found in the gastric glands?

    <p>Low columnar shape with oval basal nuclei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the pyloric glands?

    <p>They have wide, coiled tubular structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the muscular layer of the stomach organized?

    <p>In three layers: inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the cardiac region of the stomach from other regions?

    <p>Branched coiled tubular cardiac glands lined mainly by mucus-secreting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the secretory function of G-cells in the stomach?

    <p>They secrete gastrin directly into the bloodstream.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural feature is predominant in peptic cells of the gastric glands?

    <p>Basal basophilic cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Histology of the Stomach

    • Stomach is the most dilated segment of the digestive tube.
    • Functions include adding acidic fluids, transforming food into chyme, and secreting proteolytic enzymes for digestion.
    • Divided histologically into three regions: cardiac, fundic, and pyloric.

    Cardiac Region

    • Surrounds the entrance of the esophagus.
    • Contains branched coiled tubular cardiac glands mainly lined by mucus-secreting cells.

    Fundic Region and Body

    • Contains mucosa with simple columnar surface epithelium formed by surface mucous cells.
    • Gastric pits increase mucosal surface area for enhanced secretion.
    • Mucous cells produce thick, insoluble mucus to protect the epithelium from acidic secretions and abrasion.

    Lamina Propria

    • Comprised of loose, highly vascular connective tissue.
    • Occupied by gastric glands which are simple branched tubular.

    Muscularis Mucosa

    • Composed of smooth muscle fibers organized in inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.

    Fundic or Gastric Glands

    • Arranged perpendicular to muscularis mucosa and contain five cell types:
      • Mucous Neck Cells: Secretes soluble mucus for lubrication.
      • Oxyntic (Parietal) Cells: Secretes HCl and intrinsic factor; characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasm.
      • Peptic (Chief) Cells: Mainly in lower gland; produces digestive enzymes like pepsin and lipase.
      • Enteroendocrine Cells: Found at the bases of gastric glands; secretes hormones regulating gastric function.
      • Undifferentiated (Stem) Cells: Located in the upper gland, involved in regeneration of the epithelium.

    Historical Details of Cell Types

    • Oxyntic cells increase surface area with extensive canaliculi and microvilli to support ionic transport for HCl formation.
    • Peptic cells have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and zymogen granules filled with pepsinogen.

    Pyloric Region

    • Contains wide, deep gastric pits occupying over half the mucosa length.
    • Characterized by branched coiled tubular pyloric glands lined by mucus-secreting and enteroendocrine G-cells.

    Submucosa and Musculosa

    • Submucosa is moderately thick, made of dense connective tissue.
    • Musculosa comprises three layers: inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal; facilitates mixing chyme effectively.

    Serosa

    • Narrow layer of loose connective tissue covered by the visceral layer of peritoneum (mesothelium).

    Comparative Cell Distribution

    • Cardiac Region: Shallow pits and mainly mucous secreting cells.
    • Fundic Region: Short, narrow pits; includes five cell types.
    • Pyloric Region: Wide, deep pits; contains mainly mucous and G-cells.

    Conclusion

    • The histology of the stomach reveals a complex structure vital for digestion, characterized by specific cell types and spatial organization facilitating its role in the digestive system.

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    Related Documents

    Stomach Histology PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate histology of the stomach, focusing on its three main regions: cardiac, fundic, and pyloric. Discover how these regions contribute to the stomach's unique digestive functions, including secretion of enzymes and protection against acid. A comprehensive look at gastric glands and mucosal structures awaits you.

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