Stomach Anatomy and Histology

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Which layer of the stomach is responsible for secreting alkaline mucus to protect the stomach lining from acidity?

Muscularis externa

Serosa

Mucosa (correct)

Submucosa

In which region of the stomach are the gastric glands rich in mucous cells, forming a columnar epithelium to protect the stomach lining from acid?

Corpus (Body)

Cardia (correct)

Fundus

Antrum

Which type of gastritis is characterized by short-term sudden inflammation or swelling in the stomach mucosa with the presence of neutrophils?

Helicobacter pylori gastritis

Gastropathy

Acute Gastritis (correct)

Chronic Gastritis

What are the primary damaging factors under normal conditions that affect the stomach?

Gastric acidity and peptic enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach contains fats, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics?

Submucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the stomach has deep gastric pits and gastric glands rich in G and D cells?

Pylorus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Helicobacter pylori gastritis?

Helicobacter pylori bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach contains an additional layer that helps to further churn food, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer?

Muscularis Propria/externa Signup and view all the answers

Chronic Gastritis is characterized by the presence of which types of cells?

Lymphocytes and Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a less common cause of autoimmune gastritis?

Chronic bile reflux Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant transmission route of Helicobacter pylori in lower socioeconomic areas?

Fecal-oral Signup and view all the answers

Where does Helicobacter pylori predominantly occur with normal or increased acid production?

Antrum Signup and view all the answers

What can Helicobacter pylori infection cause that can transform into lymphoma?

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the stomach pH normally?

$1.5-2$ Signup and view all the answers

What does Helicobacter pylori produce that increases gastric pH for its survival?

Urease Signup and view all the answers

Which step of invasion by Helicobacter pylori involves the production of urease?

Step 2 Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin involved in disease progression causes colonization and proliferation of immune cells?

Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) Signup and view all the answers

What does H. pylori use to allow bacterial motility in the stomach?

$Flagella$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of parietal cell damage in autoimmune gastritis?

Parietal cell antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (Type A gastritis)?

Affects fundus/corpus of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of autoimmune gastritis on acid production in the stomach?

Hypochlorhydria (low HCL) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with autoimmune gastritis?

H.pylori infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of hyperplasia of G cells in the antrum in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis?

Stimulation of ECL cells in the corpus Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to an increase in risk for dysplasia/carcinoma in autoimmune gastritis?

Loss of parietal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the increased risk of gastric neuroendocrine tumors in autoimmune gastritis?