Stomach Anatomy and Histology
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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the stomach is responsible for secreting alkaline mucus to protect the stomach lining from acidity?

  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
  • Mucosa (correct)
  • Submucosa

In which region of the stomach are the gastric glands rich in mucous cells, forming a columnar epithelium to protect the stomach lining from acid?

  • Corpus (Body)
  • Cardia (correct)
  • Fundus
  • Antrum

Which type of gastritis is characterized by short-term sudden inflammation or swelling in the stomach mucosa with the presence of neutrophils?

  • Helicobacter pylori gastritis
  • Gastropathy
  • Acute Gastritis (correct)
  • Chronic Gastritis

What are the primary damaging factors under normal conditions that affect the stomach?

<p>Gastric acidity and peptic enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach contains fats, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics?

<p>Submucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the stomach has deep gastric pits and gastric glands rich in G and D cells?

<p>Pylorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Helicobacter pylori gastritis?

<p>Helicobacter pylori bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the stomach contains an additional layer that helps to further churn food, a middle circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer?

<p><strong>Muscularis Propria/externa</strong> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic Gastritis is characterized by the presence of which types of cells?

<p><strong>Lymphocytes and Plasma cells</strong> (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a less common cause of autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Chronic bile reflux (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the predominant transmission route of Helicobacter pylori in lower socioeconomic areas?

<p>Fecal-oral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does Helicobacter pylori predominantly occur with normal or increased acid production?

<p>Antrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can Helicobacter pylori infection cause that can transform into lymphoma?

<p>Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stomach pH normally?

<p>$1.5-2$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Helicobacter pylori produce that increases gastric pH for its survival?

<p>Urease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step of invasion by Helicobacter pylori involves the production of urease?

<p>Step 2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin involved in disease progression causes colonization and proliferation of immune cells?

<p>Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does H. pylori use to allow bacterial motility in the stomach?

<p>$Flagella$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of parietal cell damage in autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Parietal cell antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis (Type A gastritis)?

<p>Affects fundus/corpus of the stomach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of autoimmune gastritis on acid production in the stomach?

<p>Hypochlorhydria (low HCL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with autoimmune gastritis?

<p>H.pylori infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of hyperplasia of G cells in the antrum in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Stimulation of ECL cells in the corpus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process leads to an increase in risk for dysplasia/carcinoma in autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Loss of parietal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason behind the increased risk of gastric neuroendocrine tumors in autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Loss of parietal cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be detected via immunofluorescence in autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Parietal cell antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily affected by hyperplasia in the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis?

<p>Gastrin secretion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis?

<p>Increase in pH levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mucosa Layer

This layer of the stomach provides crucial protection against the harsh acidic environment by secreting alkaline mucus.

Cardia

This region of the stomach is specialized to protect against acid damage with an abundance of mucous cells forming a columnar epithelium.

Acute Gastritis

This type of gastritis is a sudden and short-term inflammation of the stomach lining, characterized by the presence of neutrophils.

Gastric Acidity and Peptic Enzymes

These internal factors, present in the stomach under normal conditions, can damage the stomach lining with their corrosive nature.

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Submucosa Layer

This layer of the stomach contains fats, fibrous tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics, providing support and nourishment to the stomach lining.

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Pylorus

This region at the bottom of the stomach, near the pylorus, is characterized by a high density of gastric pits and glands producing specific hormones.

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Helicobacter pylori Bacteria

This bacteria is a common culprit behind gastritis, often residing in the stomach and causing inflammation.

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Muscularis Propria/Externa

This layer of the stomach, composed of muscle tissue, aids in the churning and mixing of food for digestion.

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Chronic Gastritis

This type of gastritis is characterized by the presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells, indicating a chronic immune response.

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Chronic Bile Reflux

This less common cause of autoimmune gastritis is associated with the backflow of bile from the small intestine, leading to inflammation.

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Fecal-Oral Transmission Route

This route is the primary mode of H. pylori transmission in lower-income populations, highlighting the importance of sanitation.

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Antrum

This region of the stomach is the preferred location for Helicobacter pylori, despite the normal acidity levels.

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Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)

This condition, often caused by H. pylori infection, can transform into a type of lymphoma, highlighting the potential consequences of infection.

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Normal Stomach pH

This is the normal pH range of the stomach, indicating a highly acidic environment.

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Urease Production

Urease is produced by H. pylori to neutralize the stomach's acidity and enable survival in this hostile environment.

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Step 2 of H. pylori Invasion

This step in the invasion process of H. pylori involves the secretion of urease to neutralize the surrounding acidity.

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Cytotoxin-Associated Gene A (CagA)

This toxin, secreted by H. pylori, contributes to disease progression by increasing immune cell activity in the stomach lining.

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Flagella

H. pylori uses structures called flagella to propel itself within the stomach, facilitating its movement.

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Parietal Cell Antibodies

This is the primary cause of damage to parietal cells in autoimmune gastritis, leading to a decline in acid production.

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Autoimmune Metaplastic Atrophic Gastritis (Type A)

This characteristic feature of autoimmune gastritis primarily affects the top portion of the stomach, leading to a deficiency in acid production.

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Hypochlorhydria

Autoimmune gastritis leads to this consequence on acid production, where the stomach produces less hydrochloric acid.

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H. pylori Infection

This condition, often caused by H. pylori infection, is not associated with autoimmune gastritis, which primarily involves antibodies against parietal cells.

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Stimulation of ECL Cells

This effect, caused by hyperplasia in the antrum, stimulates further increased acid production, leading to complications.

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Loss of Parietal Cells

This process increases the risk for dysplasia and carcinoma in autoimmune gastritis, highlighting the potential for malignancy.

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Risk of Gastric Neuroendocrine Tumors

This condition, also associated with the loss of parietal cells in autoimmune gastritis, creates a setting for the growth of neuroendocrine tumors.

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Parietal Cell Antibodies

Immunofluorescence allows the detection of these antibodies, providing evidence for autoimmune gastritis.

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Hyperplasia in Autoimmune Gastritis

This process, linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis, primarily affects the control of acid production, leading to complications.

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Increase in pH Levels

This is NOT a characteristic feature of autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis, as the condition is associated with decreased acid production.

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