29 Questions
Which type of gland retains continuity with the surface via a duct?
Exocrine gland
What feature distinguishes stratified epithelium from simple epithelium?
Number of layers
Where is mesothelium commonly found?
Lungs
What type of epithelium lines various ducts of glands and organs?
Simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the function of intercalated ducts in the pancreas?
Receive secretions from acini
Which epithelial cell shape has cells that are taller than they are wide?
Columnar
Which layer of the skin is only present in the palms and soles of the feet?
Stratum lucidum
What protein fills the nonliving, keratinized cells in the skin?
Keratin
In which layer of the skin are melanin pigment granules typically found?
Stratum basale
What is the primary shape of cells in stratified cuboidal epithelium?
Round
Where is stratified columnar epithelium usually found in the human body?
Conjunctiva of the eye
Which type of epithelium lines the ducts of the digestive organs like the stomach and small intestine?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
What is the main function of the VILLI in the small intestine?
Increase absorptive surface
Which cell type dominates in the oviducts and serves to move the ovum away from the ovary?
Ciliated columnar cells
What is the main function of nonciliated secretory cells (peg cells) in the oviducts?
Release a secretion that lubricates and nourishes the ovum
Which organ has epithelial cells with microvilli?
Gallbladder
What distinguishes the epithelial cells in the gallbladder?
Presence of microvilli
What type of epithelium lines the intralobular ducts in the pancreas?
Classical cuboidal
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Stomach
What is the function of centroacinar cells in the pancreas?
Formation of acinar cells
What is the characteristic feature of microvilli?
They cover the surfaces of absorptive cells
Which epithelium lines the kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
Where are parafollicular cells (C cells) located?
Thyroid gland
What type of epithelium is found exclusively in the excretory passages of the urinary system?
Transitional epithelium
Which structure is readily identified with the naked eye due to the characteristic shape of the lumen and surrounding sponge-like arrangement of erectile tissue filled with blood?
Urethra
In what part of the urinary system does the epithelium change from transitional to non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium in females?
Urethra
Which organ is composed of an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer of smooth muscle?
Ureters
Which skin type mentioned in the text undergoes conversion to heavily keratinized squamous cells to create a protective outer layer?
Palm skin
Which structure can have a change in shape where surface cells bulge out when relaxed and become reduced layers when stretched?
Bladder
Study Notes
Epithelial Tissue
- Exocrine glands retain continuity with the surface via a duct.
- Stratified epithelium is distinguished from simple epithelium by the presence of multiple layers of cells.
Mesothelium
- Mesothelium is commonly found in serous membranes, such as the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium.
Epithelial Cell Types
- Cuboidal epithelial cells are taller than they are wide.
- Stratified cuboidal epithelium has cells that are cube-shaped.
- Stratified columnar epithelium is usually found in the human body, particularly in the ducts of glands and organs.
- Simple columnar epithelium can be found in the intestines and stomach.
Skin
- The stratum lucidum is a layer of the skin only present in the palms and soles of the feet.
- Keratin fills the nonliving, keratinized cells in the skin.
- Melanin pigment granules are typically found in the stratum basale.
- The skin undergoes conversion to heavily keratinized squamous cells to create a protective outer layer in certain areas.
Pancreas
- Intercalated ducts in the pancreas have the function of collecting and transporting secretions from the pancreatic acini.
- Centroacinar cells in the pancreas have the function of producing and secreting bicarbonate-rich fluid.
Digestive System
- The villi in the small intestine have the function of increasing the surface area for absorption.
- Stratified columnar epithelium lines the ducts of the digestive organs like the stomach and small intestine.
- The gallbladder has epithelial cells with microvilli.
Urinary System
- The epithelium lines the kidney tubules.
- Parafollicular cells (C cells) are located in the thyroid gland.
- The epithelium in the excretory passages of the urinary system changes from transitional to non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium in females.
- The urethra is composed of an inner longitudinal layer and an outer circular layer of smooth muscle.
Oviducts
- Ciliated epithelial cells dominate in the oviducts and serve to move the ovum away from the ovary.
- Nonciliated secretory cells (peg cells) in the oviducts have the function of secreting mucous substances to facilitate the movement of the ovum.
Other Structures
- The urethra is the structure that can be readily identified with the naked eye due to the characteristic shape of the lumen and surrounding sponge-like arrangement of erectile tissue filled with blood.
- The epithelium in the urinary system can change shape, with surface cells bulging out when relaxed and becoming reduced layers when stretched.
Test your knowledge on the histology of digestive organs, including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Identify the characteristics of cuboidal epithelium, gastric pits, villi, and different cell types found in these organs.
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