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Questions and Answers
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with cartilage tissue?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with cartilage tissue?
What distinguishes the extracellular matrix of cartilage from other connective tissues in terms of its composition?
What distinguishes the extracellular matrix of cartilage from other connective tissues in terms of its composition?
Which of the following best describes a key difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage?
Which of the following best describes a key difference between hyaline and elastic cartilage?
Where would you expect to find a substantial amount of hyaline cartilage EXCEPT in:
Where would you expect to find a substantial amount of hyaline cartilage EXCEPT in:
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What is the role of hyaline cartilage in developing bones?
What is the role of hyaline cartilage in developing bones?
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Which of the following best describes the role of type VI collagen within cartilage?
Which of the following best describes the role of type VI collagen within cartilage?
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What is a primary characteristic of hyaline cartilage that enables it to be stained with basic dyes and hematoxylin?
What is a primary characteristic of hyaline cartilage that enables it to be stained with basic dyes and hematoxylin?
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Which of the following correctly pairs a molecule present in the cartilage matrix with its primary function?
Which of the following correctly pairs a molecule present in the cartilage matrix with its primary function?
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How does the arrangement of molecules in the cartilage matrix affect its staining properties?
How does the arrangement of molecules in the cartilage matrix affect its staining properties?
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What is the primary function of anchorin CII molecules within the cartilage matrix?
What is the primary function of anchorin CII molecules within the cartilage matrix?
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Study Notes
Cartilage Tissue Overview
- Cartilage is a type of connective tissue composed of chondroblasts, chondrocytes, and an extracellular matrix
- Over 95% of cartilage volume is made up of extracellular matrix
- It is avascular; meaning it does not have blood vessels
- It does not contain lymph vessels or nerves
Types of Cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage:
- Most common type
- Found in the embryonic skeleton, articular surfaces of joints, nose, larynx, trachea, and walls of bronchi
- Contains Type II collagen, GAGs, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins
- Surrounded by perichondrium (except articular cartilage)
- Can be calcified
- Has three different matrix regions based on staining: capsular, territorial, and interterritorial
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Elastic Cartilage:
- Contains elastic fibers in addition to the components of hyaline cartilage
- More flexible than hyaline cartilage
- Found in the external ear, epiglottis, and parts of the larynx
- These elastic fibers are identified by special stains
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Fibrous Cartilage:
- Combination of hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue
- Contains Type I and II collagen
- Does not contain perichondrium
- Found in intervertebral discs, sternoclavicular and temporomandibular joints, and the meniscus
Cells of Cartilage Tissue
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Chondroblasts (immature):
- Produce intercellular substance
- Located in the perichondrium
- Divide by mitosis to form chondrocytes
- Stain basophilic
- Contain a lot of rER, Golgi complex, and lipid droplets/glycogen
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Chondrocytes (mature):
- Large, oval-shaped
- Embedded in lacunae (small spaces)
- Form isogenous groups (clustered chondrocytes arising from one chondroblast)
- Lower secretion levels than chondroblasts
Matrix of Hyaline Cartilage
- Contains proteoglycans (aggrecan, decorin)
- Contains glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, keratan sulfate)
- Contains cartilage-specific collagen molecules (types 2, 6, 9, 10, 11)
- Contains glycoproteins (tenascin, fibronectin, anchorin CII)
Fibrous Intercellular Matrix of Cartilage Tissue
- Matrix components (collagen types II, VI, IX, X, XI)
- Type II is the main collagen type and helps support cartilage
- Other types influence collagen fiber interactions and size adjustment
- Matrix structure creates a 3D network
Growth of Cartilage Tissue
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Appositional growth:
- New cartilage formation on the surface of existing cartilage
- Involves chondroblasts of the perichondrium
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Interstitial growth:
- New cartilage formation within the existing cartilage mass
- Involves the division of chondrocytes
Repair of Cartilage
- Limited repair capacity: due to avascularity, immobility of chondrocytes, and limited ability of mature chondrocytes to proliferate
- Repair may occur: if the damage involves the perichondrium and pluripotent progenitor cells
Calcification of Hyaline Cartilage
- Calcification is the embedding of calcium phosphate crystals into the cartilage matrix
- Calcification occurs in growing and adult bones, in contact with bone tissue
- Calcification occurs during endochondral ossification
- Calcification occurs during aging
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Description
This quiz provides a comprehensive overview of cartilage tissue, including its composition, functions, and types. Learn about hyaline and elastic cartilage, their locations, and structural characteristics. Test your knowledge on this essential connective tissue.
