Histology - Blood and Hemopoiesis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

The liquid portion of blood is called ______

plasma

When removed of clotting factors, the liquid portion is called ______

serum

Alpha and Beta Globulins are a transport for different proteins, made by the ______ and other cells

liver

Complement Proteins are a defensive system important in ______ and destruction of microorganisms

inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Fibrinogen is the largest plasma protein; polymerizes as insoluble, cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels, also made in the ______

liver Signup and view all the answers

Immunoglobulins are also known as ______ or Gamma Globulins

antibodies Signup and view all the answers

At the last stage of erythropoiesis, cell nuclei are extruded, producing reticulocytes that still contain some polyribosomes but are released into the ______

circulation Signup and view all the answers

Granulopoiesis includes ______, which have large nuclei and relatively little cytoplasm

myeloblasts Signup and view all the answers

Promyelocytes produce lysosomal azurophilic granules and are at what stage of granulopoiesis? ______

promyelocytes Signup and view all the answers

Myelocytes form specific granules for one of the three types of granulocytes. At what stage of granulopoiesis does this happen? ______

myelocytes Signup and view all the answers

Immature neutrophilic metamyelocytes called band (stab) cells are released prematurely during bacterial infections when the compartment of circulating neutrophils is ______

deleted Signup and view all the answers

Megakaryocytes produce platelets by releasing them from the ends of cytoplasmic processes called ______

proplatelets Signup and view all the answers

Monocytes circulate as precursors of ______ and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.

macrophages Signup and view all the answers

Platelets are small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow, with a marginal bundle of actin filaments, alpha granules, and delta ______.

granules Signup and view all the answers

Pluripotent stem cells for blood cell formation, or ______, occur in the bone marrow of children and adults.

hemopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Progenitor cells, committed to forming each type of mature blood cell, proliferate and differentiate within microenvironmental niches of stromal cells, other cells, and ECM with specific growth ______.

factors Signup and view all the answers

Red bone marrow is active in ______; yellow bone marrow consists mostly of adipose tissue.

hemopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Erythropoietic islands or cords within marrow contain the red blood cell lineage: proerythroblasts, erythroblasts with succeeding developmental stages called basophilic, polychromatophilic, and ______.

orthochromatophilic Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blood and Hemopoiesis

Blood is a specialized connective tissue consisting of cells and fluid extracellular material called plasma.
The liquid portion of blood is called plasma, and when clotting factors are removed, it is called serum.
Formed elements in blood include:
- Leukocytes
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes

Plasma Proteins

Alpha and Beta Globulins: transport different proteins, such as clotting factors, and are made by the liver and other cells.
Fibronectin and prothrombin coagulation factors are also included in plasma proteins.
Lipoproteins and other proteins from tissues enter the blood.
Complement proteins: part of the defensive system, important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms.
Fibrinogen: the largest plasma protein, polymerizes to form insoluble fibers of fibrin, which block blood loss from small vessels.
Immunoglobulins: also known as antibodies or gamma globulins.

Blood Formation

Erythropoiesis: the formation of erythrocytes, which occurs in the red bone marrow.
Granulopoiesis: the formation of granulocytes, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes.
Monoblasts produce monocytes in red marrow, while lymphoblasts give rise to lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues.
Megakaryocytes produce platelets by releasing them from cytoplasmic processes called proplatelets.

Blood Cells

Monocytes: larger agranulocytes with distinctly indented or C-shaped nuclei, which circulate as precursors of macrophages.
Platelets: small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes, with a marginal bundle of actin filaments, alpha granules, and delta granules.
Leukocytes: include granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Hemopoiesis

Pluripotent stem cells for blood cell formation occur in the bone marrow of children and adults.
Progenitor cells, committed to forming each type of mature blood cell, proliferate and differentiate within microenvironmental niches.
These progenitor cells are also known as colony-forming units (CFUs) and are stimulated by growth factors, also called colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) or cytokines.
Red bone marrow is active in hemopoiesis, while yellow bone marrow consists mostly of adipose tissue.
Erythropoietic islands or cords within marrow contain the red blood cell lineage.

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