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Questions and Answers
The liquid portion of blood is called ______
The liquid portion of blood is called ______
plasma
When removed of clotting factors, the liquid portion is called ______
When removed of clotting factors, the liquid portion is called ______
serum
Alpha and Beta Globulins are a transport for different proteins, made by the ______ and other cells
Alpha and Beta Globulins are a transport for different proteins, made by the ______ and other cells
liver
Complement Proteins are a defensive system important in ______ and destruction of microorganisms
Complement Proteins are a defensive system important in ______ and destruction of microorganisms
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Fibrinogen is the largest plasma protein; polymerizes as insoluble, cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels, also made in the ______
Fibrinogen is the largest plasma protein; polymerizes as insoluble, cross-linked fibers of fibrin that block blood loss from small vessels, also made in the ______
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Immunoglobulins are also known as ______ or Gamma Globulins
Immunoglobulins are also known as ______ or Gamma Globulins
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At the last stage of erythropoiesis, cell nuclei are extruded, producing reticulocytes that still contain some polyribosomes but are released into the ______
At the last stage of erythropoiesis, cell nuclei are extruded, producing reticulocytes that still contain some polyribosomes but are released into the ______
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Granulopoiesis includes ______, which have large nuclei and relatively little cytoplasm
Granulopoiesis includes ______, which have large nuclei and relatively little cytoplasm
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Promyelocytes produce lysosomal azurophilic granules and are at what stage of granulopoiesis? ______
Promyelocytes produce lysosomal azurophilic granules and are at what stage of granulopoiesis? ______
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Myelocytes form specific granules for one of the three types of granulocytes. At what stage of granulopoiesis does this happen? ______
Myelocytes form specific granules for one of the three types of granulocytes. At what stage of granulopoiesis does this happen? ______
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Immature neutrophilic metamyelocytes called band (stab) cells are released prematurely during bacterial infections when the compartment of circulating neutrophils is ______
Immature neutrophilic metamyelocytes called band (stab) cells are released prematurely during bacterial infections when the compartment of circulating neutrophils is ______
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Megakaryocytes produce platelets by releasing them from the ends of cytoplasmic processes called ______
Megakaryocytes produce platelets by releasing them from the ends of cytoplasmic processes called ______
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Monocytes circulate as precursors of ______ and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Monocytes circulate as precursors of ______ and other cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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Platelets are small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow, with a marginal bundle of actin filaments, alpha granules, and delta ______.
Platelets are small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes in bone marrow, with a marginal bundle of actin filaments, alpha granules, and delta ______.
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Pluripotent stem cells for blood cell formation, or ______, occur in the bone marrow of children and adults.
Pluripotent stem cells for blood cell formation, or ______, occur in the bone marrow of children and adults.
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Progenitor cells, committed to forming each type of mature blood cell, proliferate and differentiate within microenvironmental niches of stromal cells, other cells, and ECM with specific growth ______.
Progenitor cells, committed to forming each type of mature blood cell, proliferate and differentiate within microenvironmental niches of stromal cells, other cells, and ECM with specific growth ______.
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Red bone marrow is active in ______; yellow bone marrow consists mostly of adipose tissue.
Red bone marrow is active in ______; yellow bone marrow consists mostly of adipose tissue.
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Erythropoietic islands or cords within marrow contain the red blood cell lineage: proerythroblasts, erythroblasts with succeeding developmental stages called basophilic, polychromatophilic, and ______.
Erythropoietic islands or cords within marrow contain the red blood cell lineage: proerythroblasts, erythroblasts with succeeding developmental stages called basophilic, polychromatophilic, and ______.
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Study Notes
Blood and Hemopoiesis
- Blood is a specialized connective tissue consisting of cells and fluid extracellular material called plasma.
- The liquid portion of blood is called plasma, and when clotting factors are removed, it is called serum.
- Formed elements in blood include:
- Leukocytes
- Erythrocytes
- Thrombocytes
Plasma Proteins
- Alpha and Beta Globulins: transport different proteins, such as clotting factors, and are made by the liver and other cells.
- Fibronectin and prothrombin coagulation factors are also included in plasma proteins.
- Lipoproteins and other proteins from tissues enter the blood.
- Complement proteins: part of the defensive system, important in inflammation and destruction of microorganisms.
- Fibrinogen: the largest plasma protein, polymerizes to form insoluble fibers of fibrin, which block blood loss from small vessels.
- Immunoglobulins: also known as antibodies or gamma globulins.
Blood Formation
- Erythropoiesis: the formation of erythrocytes, which occurs in the red bone marrow.
- Granulopoiesis: the formation of granulocytes, including myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes.
- Monoblasts produce monocytes in red marrow, while lymphoblasts give rise to lymphocytes in lymphoid tissues.
- Megakaryocytes produce platelets by releasing them from cytoplasmic processes called proplatelets.
Blood Cells
- Monocytes: larger agranulocytes with distinctly indented or C-shaped nuclei, which circulate as precursors of macrophages.
- Platelets: small cell fragments derived from megakaryocytes, with a marginal bundle of actin filaments, alpha granules, and delta granules.
- Leukocytes: include granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Hemopoiesis
- Pluripotent stem cells for blood cell formation occur in the bone marrow of children and adults.
- Progenitor cells, committed to forming each type of mature blood cell, proliferate and differentiate within microenvironmental niches.
- These progenitor cells are also known as colony-forming units (CFUs) and are stimulated by growth factors, also called colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) or cytokines.
- Red bone marrow is active in hemopoiesis, while yellow bone marrow consists mostly of adipose tissue.
- Erythropoietic islands or cords within marrow contain the red blood cell lineage.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the histology of blood and hemopoiesis. Questions cover topics such as the components of blood, plasma, and the closed circulatory system.
