Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of granules is characterized by being small and numerous, containing collagenase and bactericidal enzymes?
Which type of granules is characterized by being small and numerous, containing collagenase and bactericidal enzymes?
- Mitochondrial granules
- Specific granules (correct)
- Basophilic granules
- Azurophilic granules
What is a primary function of azurophilic granules?
What is a primary function of azurophilic granules?
- Phagocytosis of bacteria (correct)
- Contain collagenase for tissue repair
- Kill parasites through MBP
- Release histaminase at allergy sites
Which of the following substances is contained within basophilic granules?
Which of the following substances is contained within basophilic granules?
- Heparin (correct)
- Major basic protein
- Histaminase
- Collagenase
What is a key characteristic of specific granules compared to azurophilic granules?
What is a key characteristic of specific granules compared to azurophilic granules?
What role do the first leukocytes arriving at an infection site primarily serve?
What role do the first leukocytes arriving at an infection site primarily serve?
What is the primary function of B lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of B lymphocytes?
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Where do T lymphocytes mature?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for killing virus-infected cells?
Which type of cell is primarily responsible for killing virus-infected cells?
What is the life span of T lymphocytes compared to B lymphocytes?
What is the life span of T lymphocytes compared to B lymphocytes?
What is the normal range of platelet counts in μL of blood?
What is the normal range of platelet counts in μL of blood?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
Which of the following correctly describes a distinguishing feature of mature erythrocytes?
Which of the following correctly describes a distinguishing feature of mature erythrocytes?
Which type of stem cells are responsible for the formation of blood cells?
Which type of stem cells are responsible for the formation of blood cells?
What does a blood smear using Giemsa stain help visualize?
What does a blood smear using Giemsa stain help visualize?
What characterizes reticulocytes in terms of their lifecycle stage?
What characterizes reticulocytes in terms of their lifecycle stage?
Which statement accurately describes the composition of plasma?
Which statement accurately describes the composition of plasma?
What role do platelets primarily serve in the blood?
What role do platelets primarily serve in the blood?
What is the main difference between yellow and red bone marrow?
What is the main difference between yellow and red bone marrow?
What indicates an increase in reticulocyte count?
What indicates an increase in reticulocyte count?
What characteristic distinguishes reticulocytes from erythrocytes?
What characteristic distinguishes reticulocytes from erythrocytes?
Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?
Which type of leukocyte is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?
What is the normal total leukocytic count range in mm3?
What is the normal total leukocytic count range in mm3?
Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a bilobed nucleus?
Which type of leukocyte is characterized by a bilobed nucleus?
What is a major role of macrophages in the spleen?
What is a major role of macrophages in the spleen?
What component is present in reticulocytes that is not found in mature erythrocytes?
What component is present in reticulocytes that is not found in mature erythrocytes?
Which of the following statements about granular leukocytes is true?
Which of the following statements about granular leukocytes is true?
Which leukocyte type is the least abundant in blood?
Which leukocyte type is the least abundant in blood?
How does a reticulocyte differ in shape compared to a mature erythrocyte?
How does a reticulocyte differ in shape compared to a mature erythrocyte?
What is the primary function associated with eosinophils?
What is the primary function associated with eosinophils?
What distinguishing characteristic does a monocyte possess compared to lymphocytes?
What distinguishing characteristic does a monocyte possess compared to lymphocytes?
Which type of leukocyte is predominantly involved in the immune response to viral infections?
Which type of leukocyte is predominantly involved in the immune response to viral infections?
What percentage range is typical for lymphocytes in a healthy individual?
What percentage range is typical for lymphocytes in a healthy individual?
Which of the following statements about basophils is correct?
Which of the following statements about basophils is correct?
Which cell type is known for distinguishing surface molecules using CD markers?
Which cell type is known for distinguishing surface molecules using CD markers?
What is a notable structural feature of the nucleus of a large lymphocyte?
What is a notable structural feature of the nucleus of a large lymphocyte?
How does the cytoplasm of a monocyte differ from that of an eosinophil?
How does the cytoplasm of a monocyte differ from that of an eosinophil?
What type of granules are primarily contained in neutrophils?
What type of granules are primarily contained in neutrophils?
Which cell type contains elongated specific granules with a crystalline core?
Which cell type contains elongated specific granules with a crystalline core?
Which of the following components is NOT found in yellow bone marrow?
Which of the following components is NOT found in yellow bone marrow?
What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
What is the primary function of red bone marrow?
Where in adults is red bone marrow primarily located?
Where in adults is red bone marrow primarily located?
Which cell type contains metachromatic granules that obscure the nucleus?
Which cell type contains metachromatic granules that obscure the nucleus?
Which component is part of the outer lighter peripheral zone of EM structure?
Which component is part of the outer lighter peripheral zone of EM structure?
Which of the following best describes yellow bone marrow?
Which of the following best describes yellow bone marrow?
Flashcards
Blood Components
Blood Components
Blood consists of cells (RBC, WBC, platelets) and plasma (fluid extracellular material).
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Mature red blood cells; biconcave shape for gas exchange; lack nucleus and organelles; carry oxygen from lungs to body.
RBC Shape
RBC Shape
Biconcave shape maximizes surface area for efficient gas exchange.
RBC Structure
RBC Structure
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
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Reticulocytes
Reticulocytes
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Blood Smear Staining
Blood Smear Staining
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Blood as Connective Tissue
Blood as Connective Tissue
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Granules in neutrophils
Granules in neutrophils
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Specific Granules
Specific Granules
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Azurophilic Granules
Azurophilic Granules
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Neutrophil function
Neutrophil function
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Neutrophil role in allergic reaction
Neutrophil role in allergic reaction
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B lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
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T lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
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What do natural killer cells do?
What do natural killer cells do?
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Platelet Function
Platelet Function
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Megakaryocyte
Megakaryocyte
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Agranular leukocyte
Agranular leukocyte
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Lymphocyte percentage
Lymphocyte percentage
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Small Lymphocyte
Small Lymphocyte
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Large Lymphocyte
Large Lymphocyte
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Monocyte percentage
Monocyte percentage
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Monocyte precursor
Monocyte precursor
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Monocyte Nucleus shape
Monocyte Nucleus shape
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CD markers
CD markers
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Reticulocyte Structure
Reticulocyte Structure
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Erythropoietin (EPO) and Reticulocytes
Erythropoietin (EPO) and Reticulocytes
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Reticulocyte lifespan
Reticulocyte lifespan
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Erythrocyte vs Reticulocyte
Erythrocyte vs Reticulocyte
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Reticulocytes and Hematopoiesis
Reticulocytes and Hematopoiesis
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Leukocytes
Leukocytes
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Neutrophils
Neutrophils
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Basophils
Basophils
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Platelet Structure
Platelet Structure
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Platelet Open Canalicular System
Platelet Open Canalicular System
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Platelet Dense Tubular System
Platelet Dense Tubular System
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Platelet Alpha Granules
Platelet Alpha Granules
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Platelet Delta Granules
Platelet Delta Granules
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Platelet Lambda Granules
Platelet Lambda Granules
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Red Marrow Function
Red Marrow Function
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Yellow Marrow Function
Yellow Marrow Function
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Study Notes
Histology 1 - Blood and Bone Marrow
- Course Title: Histology 1
- Course Code: FM 103
- Department: Basic Science
- Lecture Title: Blood and Bone Marrow
- Lecturer Name: Shereen Shawky Elabd
- Course Description: This lecture covers the blood components, types of leukocytes, structure and function of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, hemopoietic stem cells, and the differences between yellow and red bone marrow.
Lecture Objectives
- Students should be able to list blood components.
- Students should be able to identify types of leukocytes.
- Students should be able to describe the structures and functions of erythrocytes, different leukocytes, and platelets.
- Students should be able to define hemopoietic stem cells.
- Students should be able to contrast yellow and red bone marrow.
Blood Smear
- A blood smear is prepared by withdrawing blood, placing a drop on a slide, spreading the blood with a second slide, then applying and rinsing a stain.
- A coverslip is placed on top.
- Stained blood components are viewed under a microscope.
- The stains used include Giemsa and Leishman stains.
Blood Composition
- Blood is a specialized connective tissue.
- Blood is composed of plasma (55% of whole blood) and cells.
- Plasma consists primarily of water (92%), proteins (7%), and other solutes (1%).
- Major proteins include albumins, globulins, fibrinogen, and regulatory proteins.
- Other solutes include electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, and waste products.
- Cells include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
Erythrocytes (RBCs)
- Shape: Biconcave, increasing surface area for gas exchange, forming rouleaux shape when adhering together.
- Structure: Lack nucleus and organelles.
- Cell membrane: Typical soft, elastic for capillary passage, with glycoprotein antigens for ABO system.
- Well-developed cytoskeleton.
- Hemoglobin: Oxygen-carrying protein within the cytoplasm.
- Function:
- Carry oxygen from the lungs to cells.
- Carry carbon dioxide from cells to the lungs.
Immature Erythrocytes (Reticulocytes)
- Shape: Spherical.
- Structure: Lack nucleus and have mitochondria, free ribosomes, and hemoglobin.
- Presence: Make up 1% of peripheral circulation.
- Significance: Increase/decrease in reticulocytes indicate erythropoiesis activity level or failure.
Erythrocyte vs Reticulocyte
- Tables compare erythrocyte and reticulocyte characteristics, such as shape, presence of organelles and hemoglobin and staining.
Leukocytes (WBCs)
- Total Count: 4-11 x 10⁹ mm³
- Characteristics: True cells.
- Spherical when in plasma.
- Motile and amoeboid in connective tissues.
- Originate from bone marrow.
- Migrate from blood to connective tissues.
- Leukocytes are divided into granular and agranular types.
Granular Leukocytes
- Types: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
- Characteristics: Contain granules (lysosomes), specific granules, azurophilic granules, and organelles.
- Function: Various roles in immune responses and inflammation.
Agranular Leukocytes
- Types: Lymphocytes (small, large), and monocytes.
- Structure: Lack granules.
- Function: Immune responses (e.g. lymphocytes), and phagocytosis (e.g., monocytes).
Lymphocytes
- Types: B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) cells.
- Distinct Features: Distinctive surface molecules (CD markers)
- Function:
- B lymphocytes: Humoral immunity (antibody production).
- T lymphocytes: Cellular immunity (cell-mediated).
- NK cells: Kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Origin: Megakaryocytes in bone marrow.
- Structure: Non-nucleated cytoplasmic fragments surrounded by a cell membrane and glycocalyx.
- Contain granules, forming aggregates or clumps in a blood smear.
- Function: Blood clotting, wound healing, and preventing loss of blood from microvasculature.
Bone Marrow
- Types: Red and yellow bone marrow
- Red Bone Marrow: Active, forming blood cells in the cavities of spongy bone.
- Yellow Bone Marrow: Inactive, containing fat, usually located in medullary canals of long bones.
Questions
- Neutrophils: Barr body (female), contains acidophilic non-specific granules
- Basophil: Contains metachromatic granules obscuring the nucleus
- Yellow Bone Marrow: Does not contain hematopoietic cords.
- Reticulocyte vs. Erythrocyte: Reticulocytes have free ribosomes. Do not have a nucleus.
- Eosinophils : Contains acidophilic granules with a crystalline core.
- Immunological Roles: Plasma cells are differentiated from B lymphocytes, have immunological function.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the Histology 1 course, focusing on blood components, types of leukocytes, and the structure and function of erythrocytes and platelets. You'll assess your understanding of hemopoietic stem cells and the differences between yellow and red bone marrow. Prepare to test your knowledge on foundational histology topics!
