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Questions and Answers
What is the average volume of blood for males?
What is the average volume of blood for males?
What is the average volume of blood for females?
What is the average volume of blood for females?
What is the approximate percentage of body weight that blood accounts for?
What is the approximate percentage of body weight that blood accounts for?
What does blood transport from the lungs and digestive tract?
What does blood transport from the lungs and digestive tract?
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How does blood prevent infection?
How does blood prevent infection?
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What does blood do to maintain appropriate body temperature?
What does blood do to maintain appropriate body temperature?
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What is the percentage of plasma in whole blood?
What is the percentage of plasma in whole blood?
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Which component is responsible for the color variation of blood?
Which component is responsible for the color variation of blood?
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What is the pH of blood?
What is the pH of blood?
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Which component is described as the body's only fluid tissue?
Which component is described as the body's only fluid tissue?
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What is the function of platelets in blood?
What is the function of platelets in blood?
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Which component of blood leaves the capillaries and flows in veins to the heart?
Which component of blood leaves the capillaries and flows in veins to the heart?
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Where are elements of blood made?
Where are elements of blood made?
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What is the role of RBCs?
What is the role of RBCs?
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Name the 2 categories of WBCs.
Name the 2 categories of WBCs.
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What is the role of neutrophils?
What is the role of neutrophils?
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What is the function of lymphocytes?
What is the function of lymphocytes?
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What is the function of platelets?
What is the function of platelets?
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What stimulates platelet adherence to collagen in hemostasis?
What stimulates platelet adherence to collagen in hemostasis?
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Which substance is used to prevent undesirable clots in the blood?
Which substance is used to prevent undesirable clots in the blood?
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What is the main function of heparin in hemostasis?
What is the main function of heparin in hemostasis?
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What is the primary purpose of whole blood transfusions?
What is the primary purpose of whole blood transfusions?
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What is the consequence of mismatched blood transfusions?
What is the consequence of mismatched blood transfusions?
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What is observed in blood typing as a positive reaction?
What is observed in blood typing as a positive reaction?
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Which blood component is responsible for gas transport due to its structural characteristics?
Which blood component is responsible for gas transport due to its structural characteristics?
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What controls the production of red blood cells?
What controls the production of red blood cells?
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Which substance is NOT required for optimal production of red blood cells?
Which substance is NOT required for optimal production of red blood cells?
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What is the normal response of the white blood cell count to bacterial or viral invasion?
What is the normal response of the white blood cell count to bacterial or viral invasion?
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Which type of white blood cell is important in combating bacterial infections?
Which type of white blood cell is important in combating bacterial infections?
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Which white blood cell type is involved in counterattacking parasitic worms and lessening the severity of allergies?
Which white blood cell type is involved in counterattacking parasitic worms and lessening the severity of allergies?
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Thrombus is a freely floating clot in a blood vessel.
Thrombus is a freely floating clot in a blood vessel.
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Warfarin is used to promote the formation of undesirable clots.
Warfarin is used to promote the formation of undesirable clots.
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RBCs have glycoprotein antigens unique to individuals for blood group classification.
RBCs have glycoprotein antigens unique to individuals for blood group classification.
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The ABO blood group consists of three antigens (A, B, and C).
The ABO blood group consists of three antigens (A, B, and C).
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Rh+ blood group has eight different agglutinogens.
Rh+ blood group has eight different agglutinogens.
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Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when Rh- antibodies of a sensitized Rh+ mother attack Rh- baby's RBCs.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when Rh- antibodies of a sensitized Rh+ mother attack Rh- baby's RBCs.
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Transfusion reactions occur when matched blood is infused, causing diminished oxygen-carrying capacity and other issues.
Transfusion reactions occur when matched blood is infused, causing diminished oxygen-carrying capacity and other issues.
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Packed red cells are used for substantial blood loss.
Packed red cells are used for substantial blood loss.
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Platelets are stimulated by thromboxane A2 to adhere to collagen in hemostasis.
Platelets are stimulated by thromboxane A2 to adhere to collagen in hemostasis.
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Blood typing involves adding serum containing anti-A or anti-B agglutinins to blood and observing agglutination as a negative reaction.
Blood typing involves adding serum containing anti-A or anti-B agglutinins to blood and observing agglutination as a negative reaction.
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Study Notes
Functions and Characteristics of Blood Components
- Blood plasma contains over 100 solutes, including proteins, nonprotein nitrogenous substances, organic nutrients, electrolytes, and respiratory gases.
- The formed elements of blood include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, with white blood cells being the only complete cells.
- Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, lack nuclei and organelles, are filled with hemoglobin, and contribute significantly to gas transport due to their structural characteristics.
- Hemoglobin in erythrocytes binds reversibly with oxygen, with each molecule of hemoglobin capable of transporting four molecules of oxygen.
- Erythropoiesis, or the production of red blood cells, occurs in the red bone marrow and is controlled by the hormone erythropoietin, which is released by the kidneys in response to hypoxia.
- Erythropoiesis requires proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid for optimal production of red blood cells.
- The life span of an erythrocyte is 100-120 days, after which dying erythrocytes are engulfed by macrophages and their components are recycled.
- Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are less numerous than red blood cells and can leave capillaries via diapedesis to move through tissue spaces.
- Leukocytosis, an increase in the white blood cell count, is a normal response to bacterial or viral invasion.
- Granulocytes, a type of white blood cell, include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, which are all phagocytic cells with specific functions.
- Neutrophils are important in combating bacterial infections and have granules containing peroxidases, hydrolytic enzymes, and defensins.
- Eosinophils are involved in counterattacking parasitic worms and lessening the severity of allergies by phagocytizing immune complexes.
Hemostasis and Blood Transfusion Overview
- Hemostasis involves three phases: vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, and coagulation
- Platelets adhere to collagen with the help of von Willebrand factor and are stimulated by thromboxane A2
- Coagulation transforms blood from a liquid to a gel through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways
- Hemostasis disorders include thrombus (clot in a blood vessel) and embolus (freely floating thrombus)
- Substances like aspirin, heparin, and warfarin are used to prevent undesirable clots
- Whole blood transfusions are used for substantial blood loss while packed red cells are used for treating anemia
- RBCs have glycoprotein antigens on their surfaces, unique to individuals and used for blood group classification
- ABO blood group consists of two antigens (A and B) and corresponding antibodies in the plasma
- Rh blood group has eight different agglutinogens, with presence indicated as Rh+
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when Rh+ antibodies of a sensitized Rh– mother attack Rh+ baby's RBCs
- Transfusion reactions occur when mismatched blood is infused, causing diminished oxygen-carrying capacity and other issues
- Blood typing involves adding serum containing anti-A or anti-B agglutinins to blood and observing agglutination as a positive reaction
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Description
Test your knowledge of blood components and their functions with this quiz. Explore the characteristics of blood plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets, including their roles in gas transport, production, and response to infections.
