Hindi Gadya Ka Vikas: Development of Hindi Prose

Hindi Gadya Ka Vikas

Hindi Gadya, also known as Hindi Prose, refers to the development of prose writing in Hindi literature.

Periods of Development

Adi Kaal (10th-14th century)

• Emergence of Hindi as a distinct language
• Influence of Apabhramsha and Persian
• Use of Hindi in inscriptions and royal decrees

Bhakti Kaal (14th-17th century)

• Rise of Bhakti movement and its impact on Hindi literature
• Works of saints like Kabir, Ravidas, and Meerabai
• Development of dialects like Braj and Avadhi

Rekhtha Kaal (17th-19th century)

• Influence of Persian and Urdu on Hindi literature
• Development of Rekhta, a style of Hindi poetry
• Works of poets like Chand Bardai and Abru

Adhunik Kaal (19th-20th century)

• Impact of British colonialism on Hindi literature
• Emergence of modern Hindi prose
• Works of writers like Bhartendu Harishchandra, Premchand, and Mahadevi Varma

Key Features of Hindi Gadya

• Use of simple and clear language
• Focus on social and cultural issues
• Influence of folk literature and oral traditions
• Development of various genres like novel, short story, and essay

Important Writers and Their Works

• Bhartendu Harishchandra: "Andher Nagari" and "Satyasodhak"
• Premchand: "Godan" and "Nirmala"
• Mahadevi Varma: "Mere Bachpan Ke Din" and "Smriti Ki Rekha"
• Jaishankar Prasad: "Kamayani" and "Titli"

Hindi Gadya Ka Vikas

Periods of Development

• Hindi emerged as a distinct language between 10th-14th century, influenced by Apabhramsha and Persian, and was used in inscriptions and royal decrees.
• The Bhakti movement (14th-17th century) impacted Hindi literature, with works of saints like Kabir, Ravidas, and Meerabai, and the development of dialects like Braj and Avadhi.
• Persian and Urdu influenced Hindi literature during the Rekhtha Kaal (17th-19th century), with the development of Rekhta, a style of Hindi poetry, and works of poets like Chand Bardai and Abru.
• British colonialism impacted Hindi literature during the Adhunik Kaal (19th-20th century), with the emergence of modern Hindi prose, and works of writers like Bhartendu Harishchandra, Premchand, and Mahadevi Varma.

Key Features of Hindi Gadya

• Hindi Gadya is characterized by the use of simple and clear language.
• It focuses on social and cultural issues.
• Folk literature and oral traditions have influenced Hindi Gadya.
• Various genres like novel, short story, and essay have developed in Hindi Gadya.

Important Writers and Their Works

• Bhartendu Harishchandra wrote "Andher Nagari" and "Satyasodhak".
• Premchand wrote "Godan" and "Nirmala".
• Mahadevi Varma wrote "Mere Bachpan Ke Din" and "Smriti Ki Rekha".
• Jaishankar Prasad wrote "Kamayani" and "Titli".