30 Questions
In addition to respiratory effects, influenza can have impacts on which of the following body systems?
Cardiac system
Which of the following is a significant complication of both seasonal and pandemic influenza?
Myocarditis
What was observed in a prospective study regarding adult flu patients without cardiac complaints?
Normal ECG findings
Which rare complication has been associated with influenza A infection?
Guillain–Barré syndrome
What is mainly seen in children but can also occur in adults after influenza, accompanied by symptoms of painful walking or standing?
Myositis
How are the majority of influenza cases diagnosed according to the text?
By clinical manifestations
What is a common finding in high-resolution computed tomography of severe influenza cases?
Peribronchovascular consolidation
What is a common symptom that patients with severe influenza may present with?
Progressive dyspnea
In severe cases, what can hypoxemia lead to, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation?
Respiratory failure
During the influenza pandemic of 1968–9, what bacterium showed a threefold increase in incidence for secondary pneumonia?
Staphylococcus aureus
What is a common etiologic bacterium associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia after seasonal influenza?
Streptococcus pneumonia
How long can the improvement period last in patients with classic influenza before recurrence of symptoms may happen?
Maximally 2 weeks
What is the main purpose of rapid influenza diagnostic tests?
To detect influenza viral antigens and screen patients with suspected influenza
How long does it typically take to obtain results from rapid influenza diagnostic tests?
Within 30 minutes
Which of the following statements about rapid influenza diagnostic tests is true?
They have high specificity but varying sensitivity depending on the sample and patient
Which factor can affect the sensitivity of rapid influenza diagnostic tests?
The age of the patient
When is the sensitivity of rapid influenza diagnostic tests likely to be higher?
At the onset of the disease, when a higher viral load exists
What is the primary limitation of rapid influenza diagnostic tests mentioned in the text?
They cannot specify types of influenza A, such as H1N1 and H3N2
Which groups does the WHO recommend seasonal influenza vaccines for, even if they are not closely related to the predominant circulating influenza viruses each year?
The above-mentioned groups
Which antiviral drugs are recommended for the prevention of influenza due to their established efficacy and low rates of resistance in comparison to adamantanes?
Oseltamivir and zanamivir
Which individuals are the effective prevention targets for oseltamivir and zanamivir according to the text?
Healthy individuals, persons at high risk of influenza complications, and those residing in long-term care facilities
What parameter should be considered when choosing a strategy of antiviral chemoprophylaxis according to the text?
Preventing complications in patients at high risk and reducing antiviral drug resistance risk
Why do some patients receive antiviral drugs instead of vaccines according to the text?
Because they have not been immunized or are nonresponsive to vaccines
What has not yet been compared regarding oseltamivir and zanamivir according to the text?
Their effectiveness in preventing influenza
How many doses of influenza vaccine are required for children aged between 6 months and 8 years during their first season of vaccination?
2 doses at least 4 weeks apart
What is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of influenza vaccines?
The antigenic drift from the vaccine strain
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), what was the estimated vaccine effectiveness for the northern hemisphere 2014–15 seasonal influenza vaccine?
23%
What is the potential benefit of an influenza vaccine, even if it is not completely related to the predominant circulating virus?
It can protect against several different influenza viruses and confer good protection
Which statement about influenza vaccines is true, according to the text?
Influenza vaccines are safe and important for reducing severe disease in some high-risk populations
What is the minimum time interval required between the two doses of influenza vaccine for children during their first season of vaccination?
4 weeks
Learn about the characteristic findings on high-resolution computed tomography in severe cases of influenza. Understand the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and the clinical presentation of patients with severe hypoxemia.
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