Heuristics and Decision Making Quiz

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Questions and Answers

When given information consistent with a typical engineer, individuals are likely to rely on which heuristic in their decision-making?

availability heuristic

confirmation heuristic

recency heuristic

representativeness heuristic (correct)

Racism is categorized as a form of explicit bias. What is the correct answer?

True (correct)

It depends on the severity

False

Only in certain contexts

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the availability heuristic?

Selecting a restaurant because it has a high rating online

Ignoring weather forecasts because of a sunny week

Deciding not to fly because of a recent plane crash you heard about (correct)

Choosing a movie based on its trailer

The framing of a news story can significantly influence public perception. Is it important to understand media framing to reduce confirmation bias?

True Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps recommended to improve critical thinking skills?

trust popular opinion Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a bias in the context of perception?

A set idea often based on flawed assumptions Signup and view all the answers

What level of critical thinking is involved in the statement, 'If global warming is real, then I don’t think we will still have winter'?

Limited critical thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes a situation where media framing influences interpretation?

A journalist reporting only positive aspects of a candidate Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the common sense heuristic?

It is often derived from inaccurate observations. Signup and view all the answers

Is the availability heuristic always a reliable method for decision-making?

No, it can lead to skewed perceptions based on memorable experiences. Signup and view all the answers

What is an effective strategy to combat implicit bias?

Seeking information from diverse and trustworthy sources. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the framing effect?

It affects how information is interpreted without changing its meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of critical thinking?

To find the most accurate solution using available information. Signup and view all the answers

Why might people fear sharks more than hippopotamuses?

The availability heuristic makes them more memorable. Signup and view all the answers

What does the availability heuristic rely on for decision-making?

Recent or easily recalled experiences. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a true statement about the common sense heuristic?

It is based on an individual's observations. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Question 1: Common Sense Heuristic

Common sense heuristics rely on individual observations, not data.
They do not consider emotions.
They are used for quick decisions.
They can be based on false information, thus not guaranteeing a correct conclusion.

Question 2: Availability Heuristic

False. The availability heuristic is not based on an individual's observation of a situation, but rather on the ease with which instances come to mind.

Question 3: Overcoming Implicit Bias

Ask questions.
Get information from reliable sources.
Listen to different perspectives, especially from diverse backgrounds.

Question 4: Framing Effect

Framing can change how information is perceived, even if the meaning doesn't change.
Framing is affected by prior knowledge and biases.
Framing can present information positively or negatively, potentially manipulating perception.

Question 5: Common Sense as a Heuristic

False. Common sense is not a heuristic in the precise sense of the term.

Question 6: Aim of Critical Thinking

To get the best possible answer using available information.

Question 7: Fear of Sharks vs. Hippos

Availability heuristic. Easier to recall shark attacks than hippo attacks, leading to disproportionate fear.

Question 8: National Vaccine Information Center Image

Availability heuristic. Information is presented in a way that increases its memorability.

Question 9: Judging Engineers

Representativeness heuristic. Comparing the person to a typical engineer.

Question 10: Racism as Explicit Bias

False. Racism can be explicit or implicit bias.

Question 11: Availability Heuristic Example

Choosing a movie based on poster design, not relevant information.

Question 12: Media Framing and Confirmation Bias

True. Awareness of media framing helps reduce confirmation bias; seeing different perspectives can help counteract bias.

Question 13: Improving Critical Thinking Skills

Formulate questions; gather information; apply information; consider implications; explore other perspectives.

Question 14: Bias Definition

True. A bias is a preconceived idea, often inaccurate.

Question 15: Level of Critical Thinking

Limited critical thinking. The response demonstrates a lack of nuance, and a reliance on personal anecdote rather than evidence-based reasoning.

Question 16: Themba (Insufficient Information)

Insufficient information provided to generate notes.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various heuristics, including common sense and availability heuristics, and concepts like implicit bias and the framing effect. This quiz examines how these cognitive shortcuts influence decision-making processes in everyday life.