Podcast
Questions and Answers
How do herpesviruses typically enter host cells?
How do herpesviruses typically enter host cells?
- Envelope fusion with the host cell membrane (correct)
- Direct penetration of the cell membrane
- Active transport across the cell membrane using host cell receptors
- Endocytosis triggered by viral surface proteins
What is a key characteristic of herpesviruses related to their persistence in the host?
What is a key characteristic of herpesviruses related to their persistence in the host?
- Rapid replication leading to immediate cell lysis
- Exclusively extracellular replication, avoiding immune detection
- Ability to integrate into the host genome and establish latency (correct)
- Constant, high-level replication, resulting in chronic infections
What is the source of the envelope for new herpes virus particles?
What is the source of the envelope for new herpes virus particles?
- Nuclear membrane (correct)
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Host cell plasma membrane
Which factor is least likely to trigger the reactivation of latent herpesviruses?
Which factor is least likely to trigger the reactivation of latent herpesviruses?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as HHV-3, is responsible for which diseases?
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as HHV-3, is responsible for which diseases?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized human herpesvirus?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized human herpesvirus?
After initial infection, where does the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) typically become latent?
After initial infection, where does the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) typically become latent?
Where do herpes viruses travel down to cause lesions once reactivated?
Where do herpes viruses travel down to cause lesions once reactivated?
What is the typical initial symptom associated with oral herpes (HSV-1) outbreaks?
What is the typical initial symptom associated with oral herpes (HSV-1) outbreaks?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of herpatic gingivostomatitis?
Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of herpatic gingivostomatitis?
In addition to most cases of genital herpes, HSV-2 is also responsible for what percentage of oral cold sores?
In addition to most cases of genital herpes, HSV-2 is also responsible for what percentage of oral cold sores?
How is herpes of the newborn contracted?
How is herpes of the newborn contracted?
Which measure is typically taken when a mother has an active herpes outbreak at the time of childbirth?
Which measure is typically taken when a mother has an active herpes outbreak at the time of childbirth?
Which of the following is NOT a standard method for diagnosing herpes infections?
Which of the following is NOT a standard method for diagnosing herpes infections?
Which medication is commonly used to treat herpes infections?
Which medication is commonly used to treat herpes infections?
What type of genome does Parvovirus have?
What type of genome does Parvovirus have?
Which of the following is associated with latency and reactivation?
Which of the following is associated with latency and reactivation?
Which of the following viruses is enveloped?
Which of the following viruses is enveloped?
Which is not a treatment option for Herpes?
Which is not a treatment option for Herpes?
Which of the following is classified under non-enveloped DNA viruses?
Which of the following is classified under non-enveloped DNA viruses?
Flashcards
Herpesviridae
Herpesviridae
A large family of enveloped dsDNA viruses that enter cells through envelope fusion, with virus particles derived from the nuclear membrane. They can show latency and integrate into the genome.
Latency in Herpesviridae
Latency in Herpesviridae
A state where members integrate into the genome and can reactivate due to factors like aging, chemotherapy, immune suppression, or stress.
Number of Herpesviruses infecting humans
Number of Herpesviruses infecting humans
Eight herpesvirus members that infect humans.
HSV-1
HSV-1
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HSV-2
HSV-2
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VZV (HHV-3)
VZV (HHV-3)
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CMV (HHV-5)
CMV (HHV-5)
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EBV (HHV-4)
EBV (HHV-4)
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Sites of Herpesvirus Latency
Sites of Herpesvirus Latency
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HSV1 Infections (Oral)
HSV1 Infections (Oral)
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HSV2 Infections
HSV2 Infections
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Diagnosing Herpes
Diagnosing Herpes
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Treating Herpes
Treating Herpes
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Herpes of the Newborn
Herpes of the Newborn
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Study Notes
- Pathogenic DNA viruses can be either enveloped or non-enveloped.
- Enveloped DNA viruses contain the subtypes Poxviruses, Herpesviruses and Hepadnaviruses.
- Non-enveloped DNA viruses contain the subtypes Adenoviruses, Polyomaviruses, Papillomaviruses and Parvoviruses.
Herpesviridae
- Herpesviridae is a large family of enveloped double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses.
- Viruses enter cells through envelope fusion with the cell membrane.
- The envelope of new virus particles are derived from the nuclear membrane.
- Some members show latency and integrate into the genome.
- Latency can reactivate due to aging, chemotherapy, immune suppression, physical or emotional stress.
- A chronic disease can manifest as constant symptoms over time when active.
Herpesviridae Members
- There are 8 members of Herpesviridae that infect humans.
- HSV-1, also known as HHV-1, causes herpes simplex 1.
- HSV-2, also known as HHV-2 causes herpes simplex 2.
- VZV, also known as HHV-3 causes varicella zoster virus (chicken pox and shingles). There is a highly effective vaccine
- CMV, also known as HHV-5 causes cytomegalovirus.
- EBV, also known as HHV-4 is the Epstein-Barr virus.
- HHV-6 causes herpesvirus 6 which manifests as roseola.
- HHV-7 causes herpesvirus 7.
- HHV-8 causes herpesvirus 8.
Herpes Latency
- Viruses of this type can be latent in the trigeminal, brachial, or sacral ganglia.
- Upon reactivation, the virus travels down nerve cells to cause lesions.
HSV1 Infections
- HSV1 infections typically occur during early childhood.
- Oral herpes (cold sores, fever blisters) are characterized by tingling prior to an outbreak.
- The painful, itchy lesions form on lips, crust over, and heal within a few days.
- Herpatic gingivostomatitis can appear in immunocompromised patients and result in fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Herpatic keratitis (ocular herpes) manifests as conjunctivitis, pain, and light sensitivity.
HSV2 Infections
- HSV2 infections typically affect individuals aged 14-29.
- HSV2 causes a bulk of genital herpes and 10% of oral cold sores.
- The initial outbreak manifests as flu-like symptoms such as fever, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes.
- Recurrent outbreaks are usually less severe.
- HSV2 can spread in the absence of lesions through virus release from person to person
- An effective immune reaction can develop.
Herpes of the Newborn
- Herpes in newborns is caused by HSV1 and HSV2.
- It is potentially fatal and can infect in utero or more commonly at birth.
- Delivery by Caesarian section is recommended if there is an active outbreak at the time of birth to limit exposure to the outbreak.
Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
- Diagnosis is done through visual presence of lesions and by microscopic examination.
- Treatment involves valacyclovir, acyclovir, famciclovir, and topical medications.
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