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Questions and Answers
A plant breeder wants to produce a variety of tomatoes that are both disease-resistant and produce large fruit. Which of the following methods would be MOST effective in achieving this goal?
A plant breeder wants to produce a variety of tomatoes that are both disease-resistant and produce large fruit. Which of the following methods would be MOST effective in achieving this goal?
- Selective breeding by crossing disease-resistant and large-fruit-producing plants. (correct)
- Inbreeding the tomato plants to amplify desired characteristics.
- Cloning the existing tomato plants with the largest fruit.
- Gene therapy to introduce genes for larger fruit size in all plants.
In a certain species of flower, petal color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: $R$ (red) and $r$ (white). If red is dominant to white, what would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring from a cross between a heterozygous ($Rr$) plant and a homozygous recessive ($rr$) plant?
In a certain species of flower, petal color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles: $R$ (red) and $r$ (white). If red is dominant to white, what would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring from a cross between a heterozygous ($Rr$) plant and a homozygous recessive ($rr$) plant?
- All offspring will have white petals.
- 50% will have red petals and 50% will have white petals. (correct)
- 75% will have red petals and 25% will have white petals.
- All offspring will have red petals.
A scientist is studying a family pedigree for a particular genetic disorder. She notices that the disorder appears in every generation and that approximately half of the children of affected parents also have the disorder. What is the MOST likely mode of inheritance for this disorder?
A scientist is studying a family pedigree for a particular genetic disorder. She notices that the disorder appears in every generation and that approximately half of the children of affected parents also have the disorder. What is the MOST likely mode of inheritance for this disorder?
- X-linked recessive
- Autosomal recessive
- Codominance
- Autosomal dominant (correct)
A researcher is trying to introduce a new gene into a plant to increase its resistance to drought. Which of the following techniques involves directly altering the plant's DNA to achieve this?
A researcher is trying to introduce a new gene into a plant to increase its resistance to drought. Which of the following techniques involves directly altering the plant's DNA to achieve this?
In cattle, coat color exhibits codominance. If a homozygous red-coated bull ($RR$) is crossed with a homozygous white-coated cow ($WW$), what will be the coat color of their offspring?
In cattle, coat color exhibits codominance. If a homozygous red-coated bull ($RR$) is crossed with a homozygous white-coated cow ($WW$), what will be the coat color of their offspring?
Flashcards
Heredity
Heredity
Traits passed from parents to offspring.
DNA
DNA
The instructional code, located in the nucleus, telling the cell what to do.
Meiosis
Meiosis
The production of sex cells (sperm or egg) used in reproduction.
Phenotype
Phenotype
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Study Notes
- Heredity refers to the traits passed from parent to offspring.
- The nucleus contains DNA and the nuclear membrane, controlling all cell activities.
- DNA serves as the instructional code located in the nucleus, directing cell functions.
- Genes are the factors that control a trait that is exhibited.
- Alleles are letters that represent the different forms of a gene.
- Meiosis produces four sex cells (sperm or egg) to pass parental traits to offspring.
- Mitosis, or cell reproduction, occurs when one body cell becomes two.
- A dominant trait overshadows other traits and is expressed.
- A recessive trait remains hidden in the background and can only be expressed in homozygous form.
- Genotype refers to the combination of alleles, represented by letters.
- Phenotype refers to the physical appearance of a trait.
- Heterozygous or hybrid individuals have two different alleles/letters for a single trait (Dd).
- Homozygous or purebred individuals have two of the same alleles/letters for a single trait.
- Genetic engineering alters DNA to obtain desired traits.
- Selective breeding selects organisms with desired traits to breed and pass on traits.
- Gene therapy involves adding or deleting genes to correct or eliminate disorders.
- Hybridization involves crossing two organisms, resulting in an organism with desired traits.
- Cloning produces a new organism with the same genes as the organism it was produced from.
- Inbreeding involves mating two organisms with the same characteristics.
- A pedigree is a way of tracing a trait through a family tree.
- Codominance occurs when dominant and recessive traits are combined in heterozygotes and both traits are expressed at the same time.
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Description
Explore heredity, the passing of traits from parent to offspring, and the roles of DNA, genes, and alleles. Understand meiosis, mitosis, dominant and recessive traits, genotypes, phenotypes, and heterozygous and homozygous individuals in genetics.
