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Questions and Answers
What is a common complication associated with hereditary spherocytosis in children and young adults?
What is a common complication associated with hereditary spherocytosis in children and young adults?
- Anemia
- Leukocytosis
- Cholelithiasis (correct)
- Hemophilia
What was the sample size in the retrospective evaluation of children with hereditary spherocytosis conducted by Ali Güngör and colleagues?
What was the sample size in the retrospective evaluation of children with hereditary spherocytosis conducted by Ali Güngör and colleagues?
- 80
- 72
- 65 (correct)
- 68
Which gene's structure and organization are essential for understanding hereditary spherocytosis?
Which gene's structure and organization are essential for understanding hereditary spherocytosis?
- Ankyrin-2
- Band 3
- Ankyrin-1 (correct)
- Spectrin
What is a common laboratory finding in patients with hereditary spherocytosis?
What is a common laboratory finding in patients with hereditary spherocytosis?
What diagnostic method is primarily used to detect cholelithiasis in patients with hereditary spherocytosis?
What diagnostic method is primarily used to detect cholelithiasis in patients with hereditary spherocytosis?
Which type of crisis is commonly associated with hereditary spherocytosis?
Which type of crisis is commonly associated with hereditary spherocytosis?
Which updated protocol provides guidance on the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis?
Which updated protocol provides guidance on the diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis?
What form of anemia is most commonly associated with hereditary spherocytosis?
What form of anemia is most commonly associated with hereditary spherocytosis?
What condition was strongly suspected in the patient based on laboratory findings?
What condition was strongly suspected in the patient based on laboratory findings?
Which genetic test was performed to confirm the diagnosis of Hereditary spherocytosis?
Which genetic test was performed to confirm the diagnosis of Hereditary spherocytosis?
What was noted about the parents and younger sister regarding the detected mutation?
What was noted about the parents and younger sister regarding the detected mutation?
What initial treatment was given to the patient to prevent complications from severe anemia?
What initial treatment was given to the patient to prevent complications from severe anemia?
Which treatment option is suggested if the patient develops severe anemia and hemolysis that is refractory to supportive treatment?
Which treatment option is suggested if the patient develops severe anemia and hemolysis that is refractory to supportive treatment?
What was indicated about the mutation found in the ANK1 gene?
What was indicated about the mutation found in the ANK1 gene?
What distinguishes G6PD deficiency and Gilbert syndrome from spherocytosis?
What distinguishes G6PD deficiency and Gilbert syndrome from spherocytosis?
What can be inferred about the genotype-phenotype correlation in individuals with the novel mutation?
What can be inferred about the genotype-phenotype correlation in individuals with the novel mutation?
What is the primary genetic cause of Hereditary Spherocytosis type 1?
What is the primary genetic cause of Hereditary Spherocytosis type 1?
Which clinical features are characteristic of Hereditary Spherocytosis?
Which clinical features are characteristic of Hereditary Spherocytosis?
What percentage of Hereditary Spherocytosis cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?
What percentage of Hereditary Spherocytosis cases are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?
What complication is NOT typically associated with the natural course of Hereditary Spherocytosis?
What complication is NOT typically associated with the natural course of Hereditary Spherocytosis?
What laboratory finding is commonly observed in patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis?
What laboratory finding is commonly observed in patients with Hereditary Spherocytosis?
Which gene is responsible for encoding the ankyrin-1 protein in red blood cells?
Which gene is responsible for encoding the ankyrin-1 protein in red blood cells?
What type of mutation was identified in the ANK1 gene in the presented case?
What type of mutation was identified in the ANK1 gene in the presented case?
What is the typical prevalence rate of Hereditary Spherocytosis in individuals of northern European descent?
What is the typical prevalence rate of Hereditary Spherocytosis in individuals of northern European descent?
Study Notes
Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common congenital hemolytic anemia.
- HS is caused by defects in genes encoding membrane anchoring proteins of red blood cells: ANK1, SLC4A1, SPTA1, SPTB, and EPB42.
- Most cases (75%) are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, while the remaining 25% are autosomal recessive or due to de novo mutations.
- HS is characterized by jaundice, splenomegaly, and hemolytic anemia.
- Clinical presentations can range from asymptomatic to severe.
- Complications include hemolytic crises, aplastic crises, and cholelithiasis.
- HS is common among northern European descent with a prevalence of 1:2000.
- HS type 1 (#182900) is caused by defects in ankyrin-1 protein, encoded by the ANK1 (*612641) gene located on 8p11.2.
Diagnosis
- Diagnosing HS often involves challenges due to heterogenous clinical presentations
- Molecular diagnosis is essential for confirmation, utilizing techniques like whole exome sequencing (WES) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
- Laboratory investigations include:
- Blood film analysis for spherocytosis
- Reticulocytosis
- Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
- Increased osmotic fragility of red blood cells
Treatment Options
- Folic acid supplementation is a standard treatment.
- Severe anemia and hemolysis refractory to supportive treatment might require splenectomy and cholecystectomy for gallstones.
- Genetic counseling is provided to patients and families.
Key Studies
- A study on 65 children with HS found a high incidence of gallstones.
- A study on 68 children investigated the correlation between genotype and phenotype in HS.
- A case report detailed a patient with HS type 1 presenting with a novel de novo mutation in the ANK1 gene.
Research Gaps
- More data is needed to understand the genotype-phenotype correlation in individuals with novel mutations.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of hereditary spherocytosis, including its genetic causes, common clinical presentations, and complications. Dive into the complexities of diagnosis and the importance of molecular techniques in confirming HS. Perfect for students and professionals in the fields of hematology and genetics.
