Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following poikilocytes is specifically associated with membrane abnormalities?
Which of the following poikilocytes is specifically associated with membrane abnormalities?
Which condition is primarily associated with Echinocytes?
Which condition is primarily associated with Echinocytes?
What effect does excessive cholesterol have on Codocytes?
What effect does excessive cholesterol have on Codocytes?
Which of the following is NOT associated with Spherocytes?
Which of the following is NOT associated with Spherocytes?
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What characterizes Drepanocytes?
What characterizes Drepanocytes?
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What is the primary characteristic shape of stomatocytes?
What is the primary characteristic shape of stomatocytes?
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Which condition is NOT typically associated with the formation of elliptocytes?
Which condition is NOT typically associated with the formation of elliptocytes?
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What causes the increased permeability to sodium in stomatocytes?
What causes the increased permeability to sodium in stomatocytes?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis?
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Elliptocytes represent a defect in which structure of the red blood cell?
Elliptocytes represent a defect in which structure of the red blood cell?
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Study Notes
Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Characterized by abnormal, spherical-shaped red blood cells (RBCs).
- Associated with conditions such as severe burns and prolonged storage of blood bags before transfusion.
Causes of Spherocyte Formation
- Microspherocytes and hereditary spherocytosis contribute to the formation of spherocytes.
Erythrocyte Stomatocytes
- Also known as "mouth cells" due to their shape resembling a slit opening.
- Result from cation imbalance, particularly increased sodium ($Na^+$) and decreased potassium ($K^+$) in red blood cells.
- Associated with conditions like alcoholism, cirrhosis, glutathione deficiency, infectious mononucleosis, lead poisoning, and thalassemia minor.
Elliptocytes
- Elongated, rod- and cigar-shaped RBCs indicating membrane defects.
- Associated with iron deficiency, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia, and various other hemoglobinopathies.
Poikilocytes
- Refers to abnormally shaped RBCs, categorized by their specific shapes and causes.
Types of Poikilocytes
- Macrocytic: Oval macrocytes.
- Membrane abnormalities produce acanthocytes, echinocytes, codocytes, spherocytes, stomatocytes, and elliptocytes.
- Traumatic injury leads to schistocytes, keratocytes, and dacryocytes.
- Abnormal hemoglobin content results in drepanocytes (sickle cells).
Acanthocytes
- Known as spur cells or thorn cells; characterized by irregular spikes on their surface.
- Indicative of abetalipoproteinemia, resulting from inadequate absorption of lipids in the intestine.
Associated Conditions with Acanthocytes
- Alcohol cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia, malabsorption states, hepatic hemangioma, and hypothyroidism among others.
Codocytes
- Also called target cells due to their concentric rings.
- Result from enzyme defects leading to abnormal lipid composition in RBCs.
- Common in thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies.
Echinocytes
- Known as crenated or sea urchin cells, marked by short, scalloped projections.
- Arise from RBC dehydration or exposure to hypertonic solutions, as well as artifacts from slide preparation.
- Linked to hemoglobinopathies, splenectomy, and hepatic diseases.
Spherocytes
- Spherical RBCs with no central pallor, darker than normal cells.
- Form due to membrane loss and changes in shape from trauma or injury.
- Associated with uremia, pyruvate kinase deficiency, and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, particularly in neonates.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts related to Hereditary Spherocytosis and the formation of spherocytes. It explores the causes of spherocyte formation and details on stomatocytes. Prepare to test your knowledge of blood cell morphology and related conditions.
