Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of hereditary disease is associated with a single gene abnormality?
Which type of hereditary disease is associated with a single gene abnormality?
What is the leading cause of trauma among children and young adults?
What is the leading cause of trauma among children and young adults?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?
What type of tumor is characterized by localized and encapsulated growth?
What type of tumor is characterized by localized and encapsulated growth?
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Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for causing edema?
Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for causing edema?
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Which of the following is an example of a malignant epithelial tumor?
Which of the following is an example of a malignant epithelial tumor?
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Which hereditary disease is classified under polygenic abnormalities?
Which hereditary disease is classified under polygenic abnormalities?
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What term is used to signify inflammation in medical terminology?
What term is used to signify inflammation in medical terminology?
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Which of the following is a common consequence of chronic inflammation?
Which of the following is a common consequence of chronic inflammation?
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Which type of tumor is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells and possible metastasis?
Which type of tumor is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells and possible metastasis?
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Which type of cancer specifically affects fibrous tissue?
Which type of cancer specifically affects fibrous tissue?
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What is a common characteristic of aerobic bacteria?
What is a common characteristic of aerobic bacteria?
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Which condition is an example of an autoimmune disorder?
Which condition is an example of an autoimmune disorder?
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What is primarily included in the first line of defense of the immune system?
What is primarily included in the first line of defense of the immune system?
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How are fungal infections primarily characterized?
How are fungal infections primarily characterized?
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What is one major factor contributing to malnutrition?
What is one major factor contributing to malnutrition?
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Which type of pathogen is characterized by being multicellular and complex, often parasitizing human tissues?
Which type of pathogen is characterized by being multicellular and complex, often parasitizing human tissues?
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What classification of bacteria does not require oxygen for growth?
What classification of bacteria does not require oxygen for growth?
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Which treatment option is primarily used to remove tumors?
Which treatment option is primarily used to remove tumors?
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Which of the following is a common method for early detection of cancer?
Which of the following is a common method for early detection of cancer?
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Study Notes
Hereditary Diseases
- Caused by abnormalities in genetic or chromosomal makeup.
- May be present at birth (congenital) or develop later.
- Single Gene Abnormality: Example: Sickle cell anemia.
- Polygenic Abnormality: Involves multiple genes; examples: gout, hypertension.
- Chromosomal Abnormality: Involves presence/absence of chromosomes; example: Down syndrome.
Trauma
- Caused by physical injuries from external forces.
- A leading cause of death in children and young adults.
- Most frequent causes (CDC): Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVA), fires, poisoning, falls, suffocation, suicide, and homicide.
Inflammation and Infection
- Inflammation: Protective immune response to injury/irritants.
- Infection: Invasion of microorganisms causing tissue damage.
- Often occur together, with inflammation potentially becoming an infection.
- Inflammation signs: Redness, heat, swelling, pain.
- Inflammatory mediators: Histamine, prostaglandins, kinins; cause blood vessel dilation, increased blood flow (redness, heat), WBC movement, edema (swelling), and pain.
- Inflammation can be local or systemic, acute or chronic.
Tumors
- Oncology: Study of cancer.
- Tumors (Neoplasms): Abnormal cell growths.
- Benign Tumors: Typically localized and encapsulated.
- Malignant Tumors: Grow uncontrollably and spread (metastasis).
- Benign Epithelial Tumors: Papilloma (fingerlike projection), adenoma (glandular tumor), nevus (small pigmented tumor).
- Benign Connective Tissue Tumors: Lipoma (fat tumor), osteoma (bone tumor), chondroma (cartilage tumor).
- Malignant Epithelial Tumors (Carcinomas): Melanoma (melanocytes), adenocarcinoma (glandular cancer).
- Malignant Connective Tissue Tumors (Sarcomas): Lymphoma (lymphatic cancer), osteosarcoma (bone cancer), myeloma (bone marrow tumor), fibrosarcoma (fibrous tissue cancer).
- Cancer causes: Genetic factors (oncogenes), carcinogens, age, and viruses.
- Cancer detection: Self-exams, diagnostic imaging (mammograms, CT, MRI), biopsies (Pap smears), blood tests.
- Cancer Treatment: Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, laser therapy, immunotherapy.
Nutritional Imbalance
- Malnutrition: Inadequate nutrient intake, poor nutritive value, or absorption issues.
- Obesity: Overconsumption of nutrients, lack of exercise.
Impaired Immunity
- Immune system's first line: Intact skin, mucous membranes, tears, secretions, inflammatory response.
- Immunity malfunctions: Allergies (overly intense immune response), autoimmunity (immune system attacks own tissues), immunodeficiency (decrease/absence of leukocytes; ex: AIDS, chemotherapy, radiation, organ transplants).
Infections
- Caused by various pathogenic organisms and particles.
- Viruses: Microscopic, intracellular invaders, with a nucleic acid core and protein coat; classified by shape, nucleic acid type, and reproduction method.
- Bacteria: Tiny, nucleated cells that secrete toxins; classified by oxygen requirement (aerobic/anaerobic), staining properties (Gram-positive/Gram-negative), shape/size (bacilli, cocci, curved/spiral).
- Fungi: Simple organisms similar to plants, lacking chlorophyll; include yeasts and molds.
- Protozoa: Large, single-celled organisms with organized nuclei; infest human fluids, may parasitize or destroy cells; include amoebas, flagellates, ciliates.
- Pathogenic Animals: Large, complex organisms; damage human tissues or organs; include nematodes (roundworms), platyhelminths (flatworms/flukes), arthropods (mites, ticks, lice, fleas, insects).
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Description
Test your knowledge on hereditary diseases, trauma, and the body's response to inflammation and infection. This quiz covers various genetic conditions, causes of trauma, and the role of inflammation in infection. Ideal for students studying biology or health sciences.
