Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a possible risk associated with the use of Ephedra (Ma-Huang)?
What is a possible risk associated with the use of Ephedra (Ma-Huang)?
- May cause prolonged sedation
- May enhance memory retention
- Can increase BP and HR when interacting with medications (correct)
- Can decrease anxiety levels
Which herb is indicated for lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels?
Which herb is indicated for lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels?
- Garlic (Allium sativum) (correct)
- Ginkgo biloba
- St. John's wort
- Ginseng
What risk may come from using Ginkgo biloba?
What risk may come from using Ginkgo biloba?
- Can increase HR and risk of bleeding (correct)
- May cause eye strain
- May prolong the effects of anesthesia
- Can lead to decreased concentration
Which of the following supplements is related to increasing the effects of anesthesia?
Which of the following supplements is related to increasing the effects of anesthesia?
What surgical risk is associated with Vitamin E?
What surgical risk is associated with Vitamin E?
Which of the following statements about Halothane is true?
Which of the following statements about Halothane is true?
What is a disadvantage of using Halothane?
What is a disadvantage of using Halothane?
Which of the following are implications of using Halothane?
Which of the following are implications of using Halothane?
Why should practitioners be careful with the administration of Halothane?
Why should practitioners be careful with the administration of Halothane?
What advantage does Halothane offer in surgical settings?
What advantage does Halothane offer in surgical settings?
What is the primary advantage of using Alfentanil as an opioid analgesic agent?
What is the primary advantage of using Alfentanil as an opioid analgesic agent?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Fentanyl?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Fentanyl?
What is the elimination half-life of Remifentanil?
What is the elimination half-life of Remifentanil?
What is a common usage for Succinylcholine?
What is a common usage for Succinylcholine?
What significant risk is associated with Sufentanil?
What significant risk is associated with Sufentanil?
Which medication is specifically noted for having no histamine release?
Which medication is specifically noted for having no histamine release?
Which muscle relaxant is known for a rapid metabolism via plasma cholinesterase?
Which muscle relaxant is known for a rapid metabolism via plasma cholinesterase?
What is the primary advantage of Atracurium Besylate?
What is the primary advantage of Atracurium Besylate?
Which medication carries a risk of causing malignant hyperthermia?
Which medication carries a risk of causing malignant hyperthermia?
Which opioid is noted for providing both euphoria and good cardiovascular stability?
Which opioid is noted for providing both euphoria and good cardiovascular stability?
What is a primary advantage of Lidocaine?
What is a primary advantage of Lidocaine?
Which anesthetic agent has a duration of action that is 2-3 times longer than Lidocaine?
Which anesthetic agent has a duration of action that is 2-3 times longer than Lidocaine?
What is a key disadvantage of using Tetracaine?
What is a key disadvantage of using Tetracaine?
Which anesthetic is often used in oral or dental surgery?
Which anesthetic is often used in oral or dental surgery?
What administration method is used for Bupivacaine?
What administration method is used for Bupivacaine?
What characterizes primary hemorrhage?
What characterizes primary hemorrhage?
Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by bright red blood that appears in spurts?
Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by bright red blood that appears in spurts?
What type of visibility does concealed hemorrhage have?
What type of visibility does concealed hemorrhage have?
Intermediary hemorrhage typically occurs during which time frame after surgery?
Intermediary hemorrhage typically occurs during which time frame after surgery?
Which form of hemorrhage is identified by slow, general ooze?
Which form of hemorrhage is identified by slow, general ooze?
What is the primary common usage of d-Tubocurarine?
What is the primary common usage of d-Tubocurarine?
What is a significant side effect of Pancuronium?
What is a significant side effect of Pancuronium?
Which intravenous anesthetic agent is known for its short duration and few side effects on the cardiovascular system?
Which intravenous anesthetic agent is known for its short duration and few side effects on the cardiovascular system?
What is a common side effect associated with Ketamine?
What is a common side effect associated with Ketamine?
Which medication is noted for causing residual effects lasting between 20-90 hours?
Which medication is noted for causing residual effects lasting between 20-90 hours?
Which intravenous anesthetic agent has a rapid onset of action with awakening in 4-8 minutes?
Which intravenous anesthetic agent has a rapid onset of action with awakening in 4-8 minutes?
Which medication is specifically useful in treating seizures?
Which medication is specifically useful in treating seizures?
Which medication maintains patient airway while providing sedation and profound analgesia?
Which medication maintains patient airway while providing sedation and profound analgesia?
Which medication is recommended every 4-6 hours for nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia?
Which medication is recommended every 4-6 hours for nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia?
What is the primary use of Ondansetron?
What is the primary use of Ondansetron?
Which medication serves as an adjunct to decrease opioid dosage while controlling nausea?
Which medication serves as an adjunct to decrease opioid dosage while controlling nausea?
What form is Scopolamine NOT available in?
What form is Scopolamine NOT available in?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a GI stimulant?
Which of the following drugs is classified as a GI stimulant?
What is the expected risk of postsurgical infection for a clean surgical category?
What is the expected risk of postsurgical infection for a clean surgical category?
Which of the following criteria qualifies a wound as contaminated?
Which of the following criteria qualifies a wound as contaminated?
In the context of surgical site infections, what is true about dirty wounds?
In the context of surgical site infections, what is true about dirty wounds?
What is a characteristic of clean contaminated wounds?
What is a characteristic of clean contaminated wounds?
How is the risk of postsurgical infection affected by a traumatic wound with devitalized tissue?
How is the risk of postsurgical infection affected by a traumatic wound with devitalized tissue?
What is a primary therapeutic effect of Alendronate?
What is a primary therapeutic effect of Alendronate?
Which medication requires refrigeration after reconstitution?
Which medication requires refrigeration after reconstitution?
What are important nursing considerations for Zoledronic acid administration?
What are important nursing considerations for Zoledronic acid administration?
What side effect is commonly associated with Denosumab, a RANKL Inhibitor?
What side effect is commonly associated with Denosumab, a RANKL Inhibitor?
What therapeutic effect does Raloxifene provide for postmenopausal women?
What therapeutic effect does Raloxifene provide for postmenopausal women?
Study Notes
Herbs or Supplements and Surgical Risks
- Ephedra (Ma-Huang): Used as an appetite suppressant; may elevate blood pressure and heart rate when interacting with medications.
- Garlic (Allium sativum): Potential interactions and risks not specified in detail.
Inhalation Anesthetic Agents
- Halothane:
- Administration: Inhalation with special vaporizer.
- Advantages: Smooth induction, low post-operative nausea, suitable for various surgeries.
- Disadvantages: Requires skilled oversight; risks include liver damage and hypotension.
Commonly Used Intravenous Medications
-
Opioid Analgesic Agents:
- Alfentanil:
- Usage: Surgical analgesia for ambulatory patients.
- Advantages: Ultra-short acting; cardiovascular stability.
- Disadvantages: None listed.
- Fentanyl:
- Commonly used for surgical analgesia; euphoria noted.
- Disadvantages include potential muscle or chest wall rigidity.
- Morphine Sulfate:
- Usage: Preoperative and postoperative pain management.
- Disadvantages include nausea and histamine release.
- Remifentanil:
- Usage: Provides brief, intense analgesia; very potent.
- Disadvantages include expense and potential muscle rigidity.
- Sufentanil:
- Effective for surgical analgesia; carries a risk of prolonged respiratory depression.
- Alfentanil:
-
Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants:
- Succinylcholine: Rapid onset; potential for serious complications with certain patient conditions.
-
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants:
- Atracurium Besylate: Useful in intubation; caution advised in older adults.
- Cisatracurium Besylate: Similar to atracurium; no histamine release noted.
-
Intravenous Anesthetic Agents:
- Diazepam: Long-acting sedative; residual effects can last 20-90 hours.
- Etomidate: Fast induction; potential for apnea.
- Ketamine: Used for induction; mental side effects possible.
- Midazolam: Short-acting, used as an adjunct during procedures.
- Propofol: Excellent amnesia; fast-acting and water-soluble.
- Methohexital sodium: Rapid sedation, possible pain on injection.
Types of Hemorrhage
-
Primary Hemorrhage: Occurs during surgery.
-
Intermediary Hemorrhage: Happens within the first few hours after surgery, often due to blood pressure increases displacing clots.
-
Secondary Hemorrhage: Occurs later due to issues like suture failure or infection.
-
Classification by Vessel Type:
- Capillary: Slow, general ooze.
- Venous: Dark blood that flows quickly.
- Arterial: Bright red, spurting blood.
Medications for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
- Metoclopramide: Encourages gastric emptying; administered at procedure's end.
- Prochlorperazine: Controls severe nausea/vomiting; available in multiple formats.
- Dimenhydrinate: Prevents motion sickness-related nausea; available in multiple formats.
- Hydroxyzine: Nausea control; useful to lower opioid requirement pre- and postoperatively.
- Ondansetron: Often the first choice for preventing postoperative nausea/vomiting, with minimal side effects.
Wound Classification and Infection Risk
- Clean Presence: < 3% infection risk; sterile techniques used.
- Clean Contaminated: 3-7% infection risk; slight contamination likely.
- Contaminated: 7-16% infection risk; breach of sterile technique present.
- Dirty Wound: 16-29% infection risk; involves necrotic tissue or infected sites.
Select Osteoporosis Medications
- Specific medications and their effects were not detailed; context indicates a focus on treatment efficacy and nursing considerations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on various herbs and supplements, their indications, and the possible surgical risks associated with them. This quiz will cover examples like Ephedra and Garlic, focusing on their effects on surgery outcomes.
