Herbs and Surgical Risks Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a possible risk associated with the use of Ephedra (Ma-Huang)?

May cause prolonged sedation

May enhance memory retention

Can increase BP and HR when interacting with medications (correct)

Can decrease anxiety levels

Which herb is indicated for lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels?

Garlic (Allium sativum) (correct)

Ginkgo biloba

St. John's wort

Ginseng

What risk may come from using Ginkgo biloba?

Can increase HR and risk of bleeding (correct)

May cause eye strain

May prolong the effects of anesthesia

Can lead to decreased concentration

Which of the following supplements is related to increasing the effects of anesthesia?

Kava kava (Piper methysticum) Signup and view all the answers

What surgical risk is associated with Vitamin E?

May increase bleeding and cause BP problems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Halothane is true?

Halothane is known for its low incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using Halothane?

It may cause liver damage. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are implications of using Halothane?

May lead to hypotension and requires skillful administration. Signup and view all the answers

Why should practitioners be careful with the administration of Halothane?

It can cause respiratory depression. Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does Halothane offer in surgical settings?

It provides rapid and smooth induction. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using Alfentanil as an opioid analgesic agent?

Ultra-short-acting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disadvantage of using Fentanyl?

Nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What is the elimination half-life of Remifentanil?

3-10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is a common usage for Succinylcholine?

Relax skeletal muscles for intubation Signup and view all the answers

What significant risk is associated with Sufentanil?

Prolonged respiratory depression Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically noted for having no histamine release?

Cisatracurium Besylate Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle relaxant is known for a rapid metabolism via plasma cholinesterase?

Mivacurium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of Atracurium Besylate?

No significant cardiovascular effects Signup and view all the answers

Which medication carries a risk of causing malignant hyperthermia?

Succinylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which opioid is noted for providing both euphoria and good cardiovascular stability?

Fentanyl Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of Lidocaine?

Rapid onset of action Signup and view all the answers

Which anesthetic agent has a duration of action that is 2-3 times longer than Lidocaine?

Bupivacaine Signup and view all the answers

What is a key disadvantage of using Tetracaine?

Occasional allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which anesthetic is often used in oral or dental surgery?

Procaine Signup and view all the answers

What administration method is used for Bupivacaine?

Epidural, spinal, peripheral IV anesthesia, and local infiltration Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes primary hemorrhage?

Occurs at the time of surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hemorrhage is characterized by bright red blood that appears in spurts?

Arterial Signup and view all the answers

What type of visibility does concealed hemorrhage have?

Occurs in a body cavity and cannot be seen Signup and view all the answers

Intermediary hemorrhage typically occurs during which time frame after surgery?

During the first few hours after surgery Signup and view all the answers

Which form of hemorrhage is identified by slow, general ooze?

Capillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary common usage of d-Tubocurarine?

Adjunct to anesthesia, maintenance of relaxation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect of Pancuronium?

Increased heart rate and blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which intravenous anesthetic agent is known for its short duration and few side effects on the cardiovascular system?

Etomidate Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with Ketamine?

Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is noted for causing residual effects lasting between 20-90 hours?

Diazepam Signup and view all the answers

Which intravenous anesthetic agent has a rapid onset of action with awakening in 4-8 minutes?

Methohexital sodium Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically useful in treating seizures?

Thiopental sodium Signup and view all the answers

Which medication maintains patient airway while providing sedation and profound analgesia?

Midazolam Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is recommended every 4-6 hours for nausea and vomiting associated with anesthesia?

Promethazine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Ondansetron?

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which medication serves as an adjunct to decrease opioid dosage while controlling nausea?

Hydroxyzine Signup and view all the answers

What form is Scopolamine NOT available in?

IV Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is classified as a GI stimulant?

Metoclopramide Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected risk of postsurgical infection for a clean surgical category?

1-3% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria qualifies a wound as contaminated?

Open, newly experienced traumatic wounds Signup and view all the answers

In the context of surgical site infections, what is true about dirty wounds?

They are caused by acute inflammation with purulent drainage. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of clean contaminated wounds?

Entry into genitourinary tract without unusual contamination. Signup and view all the answers

How is the risk of postsurgical infection affected by a traumatic wound with devitalized tissue?

Risk surges to 16-29%. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary therapeutic effect of Alendronate?

Treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women Signup and view all the answers

Which medication requires refrigeration after reconstitution?

Teriparatide Signup and view all the answers

What are important nursing considerations for Zoledronic acid administration?

Administer IV every month, assess renal function Signup and view all the answers

What side effect is commonly associated with Denosumab, a RANKL Inhibitor?

Hypocalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic effect does Raloxifene provide for postmenopausal women?

Inhibits osteoclast action, preventing bone loss Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Herbs or Supplements and Surgical Risks

Ephedra (Ma-Huang): Used as an appetite suppressant; may elevate blood pressure and heart rate when interacting with medications.
Garlic (Allium sativum): Potential interactions and risks not specified in detail.

Inhalation Anesthetic Agents

Halothane:
- Administration: Inhalation with special vaporizer.
- Advantages: Smooth induction, low post-operative nausea, suitable for various surgeries.
- Disadvantages: Requires skilled oversight; risks include liver damage and hypotension.

Commonly Used Intravenous Medications

Opioid Analgesic Agents:
- Alfentanil:
  - Usage: Surgical analgesia for ambulatory patients.
  - Advantages: Ultra-short acting; cardiovascular stability.
  - Disadvantages: None listed.
- Fentanyl:
  - Commonly used for surgical analgesia; euphoria noted.
  - Disadvantages include potential muscle or chest wall rigidity.
- Morphine Sulfate:
  - Usage: Preoperative and postoperative pain management.
  - Disadvantages include nausea and histamine release.
- Remifentanil:
  - Usage: Provides brief, intense analgesia; very potent.
  - Disadvantages include expense and potential muscle rigidity.
- Sufentanil:
  - Effective for surgical analgesia; carries a risk of prolonged respiratory depression.
Depolarizing Muscle Relaxants:
- Succinylcholine: Rapid onset; potential for serious complications with certain patient conditions.
Nondepolarizing Muscle Relaxants:
- Atracurium Besylate: Useful in intubation; caution advised in older adults.
- Cisatracurium Besylate: Similar to atracurium; no histamine release noted.
Intravenous Anesthetic Agents:
- Diazepam: Long-acting sedative; residual effects can last 20-90 hours.
- Etomidate: Fast induction; potential for apnea.
- Ketamine: Used for induction; mental side effects possible.
- Midazolam: Short-acting, used as an adjunct during procedures.
- Propofol: Excellent amnesia; fast-acting and water-soluble.
- Methohexital sodium: Rapid sedation, possible pain on injection.

Types of Hemorrhage

Primary Hemorrhage: Occurs during surgery.
Intermediary Hemorrhage: Happens within the first few hours after surgery, often due to blood pressure increases displacing clots.
Secondary Hemorrhage: Occurs later due to issues like suture failure or infection.
Classification by Vessel Type:
- Capillary: Slow, general ooze.
- Venous: Dark blood that flows quickly.
- Arterial: Bright red, spurting blood.

Medications for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Metoclopramide: Encourages gastric emptying; administered at procedure's end.
Prochlorperazine: Controls severe nausea/vomiting; available in multiple formats.
Dimenhydrinate: Prevents motion sickness-related nausea; available in multiple formats.
Hydroxyzine: Nausea control; useful to lower opioid requirement pre- and postoperatively.
Ondansetron: Often the first choice for preventing postoperative nausea/vomiting, with minimal side effects.

Wound Classification and Infection Risk

Clean Presence: < 3% infection risk; sterile techniques used.
Clean Contaminated: 3-7% infection risk; slight contamination likely.
Contaminated: 7-16% infection risk; breach of sterile technique present.
Dirty Wound: 16-29% infection risk; involves necrotic tissue or infected sites.

Select Osteoporosis Medications

Specific medications and their effects were not detailed; context indicates a focus on treatment efficacy and nursing considerations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on various herbs and supplements, their indications, and the possible surgical risks associated with them. This quiz will cover examples like Ephedra and Garlic, focusing on their effects on surgery outcomes.