Herbert Spencer's Evolution Theory
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Questions and Answers

According to Spencer, what is the definition of evolution?

  • Gradation of matter
  • Differentiation of matter (correct)
  • Integration of matter
  • Degradation of matter
  • According to Spencer, what limits an individual's rights and freedoms?

  • Through another person's rights and freedoms
  • Through the army
  • Through legal measures
  • Through the state (correct)
  • What does Spencer mean by social institutions?

  • Temporary structures of social action
  • Social norms
  • Permanent structures of social action (correct)
  • A specific type of trust, displaying a high degree of organization
  • According to Spencer, what types of societies exist?

    <p>Archaic, military, industrial, and post-industrial societies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What society is characterized by the motto 'Individual for the state'?

    <p>Military society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What society is characterized by the motto 'State for the individual'?

    <p>Industrial society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the concept 'Primary group'?

    <p>J. Mead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to E. Durkheim, what types of solidarity exist?

    <p>Mechanical and organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Spencer, what is the main characteristic of evolution?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mechanical and organic solidarity?

    <p>Mechanical solidarity is based on similarity, while organic solidarity is based on difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which writer criticized the religious fanaticism and double-facedness of mullahs and imams?

    <p>A. Kunanbaev</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a work of O. Kont?

    <p>«Social Structure and Anomie»</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to G. Almond and S. Verba, what is a type of political culture?

    <p>Traditional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept in R. Merton's structural functionalism theory?

    <p>Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the work «Social Construction of Reality»?

    <p>P. Berger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to F. Tönnies, what type of society is characterized by mechanical solidarity?

    <p>Gemeinschaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is a key founder of social action theory?

    <p>M. Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a democratic society in terms of social relationships?

    <p>Equality of social relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the work «The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism»?

    <p>M. Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key concept in Ә. Байтұрсынов's work?

    <p>Education and critical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of economic institutions?

    <p>To coordinate economic activities with other social sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a specialized cultural institution?

    <p>Theater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of science studies the nature of politics, its significance for individuals, and the interaction between the individual, society, and state power?

    <p>Political philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the ideologist of totalitarianism?

    <p>Plato</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most developed form of government according to Aristotle?

    <p>Polity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who developed the concept of 'Two Kingdoms' in the Middle Ages?

    <p>Thomas Aquinas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who analyzed the colonial system of governance in 19th century China?

    <p>Sh. Ualikhan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of social institutions according to the text?

    <p>To develop social organizations based on value systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist is associated with the work titled 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'?

    <p>M. Weber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who authored 'Ethics of the Fathers'?

    <p>Al-Farabi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the act of systematically exterminating a group based on national, ethnic, racial, or religious grounds?

    <p>Genocide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the works below was authored by P. Berger?

    <p>'Invitation to Sociology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the concept of society in the provided options?

    <p>Basic social organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the 19th-century Kazakh enlightener who proposed 'Court Reform' for the convenience of ordinary Kazakhs?

    <p>Sh. Ualikhanov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which author's work is incorrectly matched in the provided list?

    <p>K. Marx and 'The End of Ideology'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of social action is listed as per M. Weber?

    <p>Value-rational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the academic study that focuses on large-scale patterns and processes that affect global community structures and relations?

    <p>Globalistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the theory of 'Structural Anthropology'?

    <p>C. Levi-Strauss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is the foundation of charismatic domination according to Weber?

    <p>Personal authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scholar contributed to defining the classical five traits of totalitarianism?

    <p>K. Friedrich</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upon what does Weber base the principles of charismatic domination?

    <p>The power of the individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Greek thinkers distinguished states as 'correct' or 'wrong' based on ethical norms and supreme power?

    <p>Plato and Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a type of social institution?

    <p>Religious institution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of the educational institution?

    <p>Providing education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type is an example of a social group based on size?

    <p>Large group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are social groups classified based on their organization and regulation of activities?

    <p>Official</p> Signup and view all the answers

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