Herbert Spencer's Evolution Theory
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Questions and Answers

According to Spencer, what is the definition of evolution?

  • Gradation of matter
  • Differentiation of matter (correct)
  • Integration of matter
  • Degradation of matter

According to Spencer, what limits an individual's rights and freedoms?

  • Through another person's rights and freedoms
  • Through the army
  • Through legal measures
  • Through the state (correct)

What does Spencer mean by social institutions?

  • Temporary structures of social action
  • Social norms
  • Permanent structures of social action (correct)
  • A specific type of trust, displaying a high degree of organization

According to Spencer, what types of societies exist?

<p>Archaic, military, industrial, and post-industrial societies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What society is characterized by the motto 'Individual for the state'?

<p>Military society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What society is characterized by the motto 'State for the individual'?

<p>Industrial society (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the concept 'Primary group'?

<p>J. Mead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to E. Durkheim, what types of solidarity exist?

<p>Mechanical and organic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Spencer, what is the main characteristic of evolution?

<p>Differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between mechanical and organic solidarity?

<p>Mechanical solidarity is based on similarity, while organic solidarity is based on difference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which writer criticized the religious fanaticism and double-facedness of mullahs and imams?

<p>A. Kunanbaev (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a work of O. Kont?

<p>«Social Structure and Anomie» (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to G. Almond and S. Verba, what is a type of political culture?

<p>Traditional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concept in R. Merton's structural functionalism theory?

<p>Function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the work «Social Construction of Reality»?

<p>P. Berger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to F. Tönnies, what type of society is characterized by mechanical solidarity?

<p>Gemeinschaft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is a key founder of social action theory?

<p>M. Weber (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a democratic society in terms of social relationships?

<p>Equality of social relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the work «The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism»?

<p>M. Weber (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key concept in Ә. Байтұрсынов's work?

<p>Education and critical thinking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of economic institutions?

<p>To coordinate economic activities with other social sectors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a specialized cultural institution?

<p>Theater (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of science studies the nature of politics, its significance for individuals, and the interaction between the individual, society, and state power?

<p>Political philosophy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the ideologist of totalitarianism?

<p>Plato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most developed form of government according to Aristotle?

<p>Polity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the concept of 'Two Kingdoms' in the Middle Ages?

<p>Thomas Aquinas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who analyzed the colonial system of governance in 19th century China?

<p>Sh. Ualikhan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of social institutions according to the text?

<p>To develop social organizations based on value systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociologist is associated with the work titled 'The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism'?

<p>M. Weber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who authored 'Ethics of the Fathers'?

<p>Al-Farabi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the act of systematically exterminating a group based on national, ethnic, racial, or religious grounds?

<p>Genocide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the works below was authored by P. Berger?

<p>'Invitation to Sociology' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the concept of society in the provided options?

<p>Basic social organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was the 19th-century Kazakh enlightener who proposed 'Court Reform' for the convenience of ordinary Kazakhs?

<p>Sh. Ualikhanov (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which author's work is incorrectly matched in the provided list?

<p>K. Marx and 'The End of Ideology' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of social action is listed as per M. Weber?

<p>Value-rational (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the academic study that focuses on large-scale patterns and processes that affect global community structures and relations?

<p>Globalistics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the theory of 'Structural Anthropology'?

<p>C. Levi-Strauss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What principle is the foundation of charismatic domination according to Weber?

<p>Personal authority (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scholar contributed to defining the classical five traits of totalitarianism?

<p>K. Friedrich (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Upon what does Weber base the principles of charismatic domination?

<p>The power of the individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek thinkers distinguished states as 'correct' or 'wrong' based on ethical norms and supreme power?

<p>Plato and Socrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a type of social institution?

<p>Religious institution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the educational institution?

<p>Providing education (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type is an example of a social group based on size?

<p>Large group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are social groups classified based on their organization and regulation of activities?

<p>Official (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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