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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended frequency for fertilizing annual and perennial flower beds?
What is the recommended frequency for fertilizing annual and perennial flower beds?
- Every three weeks (correct)
- Once a month
- Once every two months
- Once a year
What characteristic of some annuals can lead them to become weedy?
What characteristic of some annuals can lead them to become weedy?
- They require frequent pruning.
- They produce flowers in winter.
- They reappear from the previous year's seeds. (correct)
- They are slow to establish.
What should you do before adding fertilizer to the soil?
What should you do before adding fertilizer to the soil?
- Apply mulch
- Leave the soil dry
- Weed the area
- Water the soil (correct)
What type of plants do onions and garlic represent?
What type of plants do onions and garlic represent?
How many pounds of fertilizer should be added per 100 square feet when planting a new perennial garden?
How many pounds of fertilizer should be added per 100 square feet when planting a new perennial garden?
In what type of garden design are self-seeded plants generally utilized?
In what type of garden design are self-seeded plants generally utilized?
What should be done with bulbs in the fall after observing them for more than one season?
What should be done with bulbs in the fall after observing them for more than one season?
When is the best time to fertilize perennials that bloom in late summer or fall?
When is the best time to fertilize perennials that bloom in late summer or fall?
What is one advantage of using annuals in window boxes and hanging baskets?
What is one advantage of using annuals in window boxes and hanging baskets?
Which of the following plants is NOT an example of a plant that forms corms?
Which of the following plants is NOT an example of a plant that forms corms?
Why might a gardener choose to remove volunteer annuals from a formal garden?
Why might a gardener choose to remove volunteer annuals from a formal garden?
What is the proper method for applying winter mulch to perennial plants?
What is the proper method for applying winter mulch to perennial plants?
What distinguishes tubers from bulbs and corms?
What distinguishes tubers from bulbs and corms?
What is a common use for annual flowers in educational settings?
What is a common use for annual flowers in educational settings?
What is the primary purpose of applying organic mulch to flower beds?
What is the primary purpose of applying organic mulch to flower beds?
Which of the following statements about annuals is true?
Which of the following statements about annuals is true?
Which of the following is true about larger bulbs?
Which of the following is true about larger bulbs?
What should be done with mulch in early spring?
What should be done with mulch in early spring?
Which of the following materials can be used for mulching?
Which of the following materials can be used for mulching?
Which of these is NOT a cultivated purpose of annuals?
Which of these is NOT a cultivated purpose of annuals?
What is a common misconception about bargain bulbs?
What is a common misconception about bargain bulbs?
What is a characteristic benefit of colorful annuals?
What is a characteristic benefit of colorful annuals?
When should bulbs typically be planted?
When should bulbs typically be planted?
Which of the following plants has a solid interior and is developed from swollen stems?
Which of the following plants has a solid interior and is developed from swollen stems?
What is one challenge associated with growing perennials from seed?
What is one challenge associated with growing perennials from seed?
How does adding organic material to soil benefit plant growth?
How does adding organic material to soil benefit plant growth?
Which of the following flower colors is NOT associated with Cockscomb?
Which of the following flower colors is NOT associated with Cockscomb?
What is a major reason for buying seedlings from nurseries for certain plants?
What is a major reason for buying seedlings from nurseries for certain plants?
Which of the following is true about the cost of purchasing perennials?
Which of the following is true about the cost of purchasing perennials?
During which season is it typical for Larkspur to bloom?
During which season is it typical for Larkspur to bloom?
How many inches tall can Salvia grow, according to the provided information?
How many inches tall can Salvia grow, according to the provided information?
What is one characteristic of globe amaranth?
What is one characteristic of globe amaranth?
What is the bloom color of the Japanese iris?
What is the bloom color of the Japanese iris?
Which perennial has a height range of 12-36 inches and blooms in blue?
Which perennial has a height range of 12-36 inches and blooms in blue?
Which plant is known for its yellow blooms and is typically 3 inches tall?
Which plant is known for its yellow blooms and is typically 3 inches tall?
What is the common height range for Achillea filipendulina?
What is the common height range for Achillea filipendulina?
Identify the plant that blooms purple and grows to be 24-36 inches tall.
Identify the plant that blooms purple and grows to be 24-36 inches tall.
Which perennial is categorized as a spring bloomer with a height of 12-14 inches?
Which perennial is categorized as a spring bloomer with a height of 12-14 inches?
What color blooms does Achillea millefolium have?
What color blooms does Achillea millefolium have?
Which perennial is known for its short stature, reaching only 3-6 inches in height?
Which perennial is known for its short stature, reaching only 3-6 inches in height?
Which plant blooms in various colors and has a height range of 36-48 inches?
Which plant blooms in various colors and has a height range of 36-48 inches?
What is the bloom color of the butterfly weed?
What is the bloom color of the butterfly weed?
Perennial plants can survive for decades and may outlive the gardener.
Perennial plants can survive for decades and may outlive the gardener.
Tender perennials can survive outdoor winter conditions with proper protection.
Tender perennials can survive outdoor winter conditions with proper protection.
Woody perennials include trees and shrubs.
Woody perennials include trees and shrubs.
Hardy perennials generally die mysteriously without any clear signs of disease or insect issues.
Hardy perennials generally die mysteriously without any clear signs of disease or insect issues.
The classification of perennials is only based on their lifespan.
The classification of perennials is only based on their lifespan.
Alan Bloom's Hardy Perennials is published by Random House.
Alan Bloom's Hardy Perennials is published by Random House.
The book 'Growing Bulbs' was published by Timber Press in 1986.
The book 'Growing Bulbs' was published by Timber Press in 1986.
Periodicals such as 'Garden Design' and 'Fine Gardening' focus solely on vegetable gardening.
Periodicals such as 'Garden Design' and 'Fine Gardening' focus solely on vegetable gardening.
Hansen and Stahl authored a book titled 'Perennials and Their Garden Habitats'.
Hansen and Stahl authored a book titled 'Perennials and Their Garden Habitats'.
The term 'Herbaceous Perennial Plants' refers to a specific style of garden design.
The term 'Herbaceous Perennial Plants' refers to a specific style of garden design.
Foxgloves, forget-me-nots, and hollyhocks are examples of common annuals.
Foxgloves, forget-me-nots, and hollyhocks are examples of common annuals.
Biennials require a growing season in summer and a rest period in winter before flowering.
Biennials require a growing season in summer and a rest period in winter before flowering.
Some biennials can be planted in a permanent position after their first year.
Some biennials can be planted in a permanent position after their first year.
New cultivars of biennials are developed to ensure they flower only in their second season.
New cultivars of biennials are developed to ensure they flower only in their second season.
Annuals live for several years as they germinate, bloom, and produce seeds.
Annuals live for several years as they germinate, bloom, and produce seeds.
Hollyhock 'Queeny Purple' is an example of a biennial that can bloom in its first season.
Hollyhock 'Queeny Purple' is an example of a biennial that can bloom in its first season.
Many biennials do not require winter protection in cold climates.
Many biennials do not require winter protection in cold climates.
It is important to identify first-year leaves of biennials to avoid pulling them as weeds.
It is important to identify first-year leaves of biennials to avoid pulling them as weeds.
Herbaceous perennials are unsuitable for water gardening.
Herbaceous perennials are unsuitable for water gardening.
A barrel with a fountain bubbler can hold water lilies.
A barrel with a fountain bubbler can hold water lilies.
Japanese iris and ligularia are examples of plants that can be used in water features.
Japanese iris and ligularia are examples of plants that can be used in water features.
Fall-planted bulbs do not need to be watered carefully as they establish their roots.
Fall-planted bulbs do not need to be watered carefully as they establish their roots.
Spring bloomers should be fertilized when they reach a height of about two inches.
Spring bloomers should be fertilized when they reach a height of about two inches.
It is advisable to pull out the leaves of spring-blooming bulbs as soon as they start to wither.
It is advisable to pull out the leaves of spring-blooming bulbs as soon as they start to wither.
Wildlife, especially birds, are attracted to water features in gardens.
Wildlife, especially birds, are attracted to water features in gardens.
Fertilizing spring-blooming bulbs after they flower can help in dry areas.
Fertilizing spring-blooming bulbs after they flower can help in dry areas.
A perennial plant is considered long-lived if it lasts at least three seasons.
A perennial plant is considered long-lived if it lasts at least three seasons.
The soil should be prepared by digging at least 12 inches deep for herbaceous perennial gardens.
The soil should be prepared by digging at least 12 inches deep for herbaceous perennial gardens.
Peonies are an example of herbaceous perennials that are generally pest-resistant.
Peonies are an example of herbaceous perennials that are generally pest-resistant.
It is beneficial for perennial plants to have a long bloom time to enhance garden aesthetics.
It is beneficial for perennial plants to have a long bloom time to enhance garden aesthetics.
Weeds such as dandelions and morning glory should be removed prior to soil preparation.
Weeds such as dandelions and morning glory should be removed prior to soil preparation.
Plants that grow strongly can potentially overwhelm other plants in a garden.
Plants that grow strongly can potentially overwhelm other plants in a garden.
Visiting nurseries and gardens can help improve a gardener's design confidence.
Visiting nurseries and gardens can help improve a gardener's design confidence.
The primary purpose of installing a new perennial garden is to have colorful blooms all year round.
The primary purpose of installing a new perennial garden is to have colorful blooms all year round.
Some cool-season annuals such as pansies and ornamental kale can be planted in ______ to replace summer annuals.
Some cool-season annuals such as pansies and ornamental kale can be planted in ______ to replace summer annuals.
Biennials require ______ full years to complete their growth cycle and die after the second year.
Biennials require ______ full years to complete their growth cycle and die after the second year.
The first year, biennials grow ______ and roots but do not flower.
The first year, biennials grow ______ and roots but do not flower.
Since the 1980s, American garden design has moved away from flower displays that are attractive for only a few ______.
Since the 1980s, American garden design has moved away from flower displays that are attractive for only a few ______.
Some biennials are spectacularly showy because the ______ can be huge.
Some biennials are spectacularly showy because the ______ can be huge.
Gardens often include spring-flowering bulbs, containers of annual flowers, herbs for cooking or tea, and ______ for winter texture.
Gardens often include spring-flowering bulbs, containers of annual flowers, herbs for cooking or tea, and ______ for winter texture.
In today’s smaller gardens, combinations of evergreen and ______ shrubs keep the scene fascinating year-round.
In today’s smaller gardens, combinations of evergreen and ______ shrubs keep the scene fascinating year-round.
Herbaceous perennials laid out in long borders demanded intense management without providing ______ interest.
Herbaceous perennials laid out in long borders demanded intense management without providing ______ interest.
Foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea), forget-me-nots (Myosotis sylvatica), and ______ are common biennials.
Foxgloves (Digitalis purpurea), forget-me-nots (Myosotis sylvatica), and ______ are common biennials.
Biennial plants require a summer growing season and a winter ______ before flowering.
Biennial plants require a summer growing season and a winter ______ before flowering.
Many biennials need winter protection in ______ climates.
Many biennials need winter protection in ______ climates.
Annuals live briefly; they germinate, grow, bloom, and go to seed in ______ year.
Annuals live briefly; they germinate, grow, bloom, and go to seed in ______ year.
Hollyhock ‘Queeny Purple’ and digitalis ‘Camelot’ are newer cultivars bred to produce blooms in the ______ season.
Hollyhock ‘Queeny Purple’ and digitalis ‘Camelot’ are newer cultivars bred to produce blooms in the ______ season.
When choosing a plant, be sure to read the information about that particular ______.
When choosing a plant, be sure to read the information about that particular ______.
Some gardeners start biennials in a nursery bed and move them to permanent positions in their ______ year.
Some gardeners start biennials in a nursery bed and move them to permanent positions in their ______ year.
Identifying the first-year leaves helps avoid pulling the plants as ______ before their second-year flowering.
Identifying the first-year leaves helps avoid pulling the plants as ______ before their second-year flowering.
Late fall maintenance generally includes cutting back dead stems of herbaceous ______ and pulling out annuals after they are killed by frost.
Late fall maintenance generally includes cutting back dead stems of herbaceous ______ and pulling out annuals after they are killed by frost.
Many tall herbaceous flowering plants must be tied to ______ or provided with another support system.
Many tall herbaceous flowering plants must be tied to ______ or provided with another support system.
The seeds of many perennials, such as purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), attract ______ in late summer and fall.
The seeds of many perennials, such as purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), attract ______ in late summer and fall.
All flower gardens eventually have some ______ or diseases.
All flower gardens eventually have some ______ or diseases.
To reduce disease infestations, space plants properly to allow good ______ circulation.
To reduce disease infestations, space plants properly to allow good ______ circulation.
Commercial systems such as grates with legs work fine, but you can also improvise supports from bamboo ______, twigs, or branches.
Commercial systems such as grates with legs work fine, but you can also improvise supports from bamboo ______, twigs, or branches.
Many short perennials such as ______ require support to keep flower heads upright.
Many short perennials such as ______ require support to keep flower heads upright.
Several diseases commonly affect annuals, bulbs, and herbaceous ______.
Several diseases commonly affect annuals, bulbs, and herbaceous ______.
Watering during periods of dry weather in the ______ is crucial for the health of fall-planted bulbs.
Watering during periods of dry weather in the ______ is crucial for the health of fall-planted bulbs.
A ______ can be surrounded with Japanese iris, ligularia, and adapted native plants for an attractive water feature.
A ______ can be surrounded with Japanese iris, ligularia, and adapted native plants for an attractive water feature.
Fertilize spring bloomers when they are about an inch tall, using a ______ granular formula.
Fertilize spring bloomers when they are about an inch tall, using a ______ granular formula.
Do not add a layer of gravel or other material to the weeds before planting, and watch for emerging annual weed ______ at the bottom of the pot.
Do not add a layer of gravel or other material to the weeds before planting, and watch for emerging annual weed ______ at the bottom of the pot.
Some gardeners place a simple, shallow bowl of water in the garden to reflect the ______.
Some gardeners place a simple, shallow bowl of water in the garden to reflect the ______.
You can reuse potting mixes year after year unless the plants in them were seriously ______.
You can reuse potting mixes year after year unless the plants in them were seriously ______.
Water spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends and let the leaves wither naturally until they turn ______.
Water spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends and let the leaves wither naturally until they turn ______.
When watering plants, be sure to water thoroughly and then allow the plants to ______ out before watering again.
When watering plants, be sure to water thoroughly and then allow the plants to ______ out before watering again.
In dry areas, it is advisable to water spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends to avoid ______.
In dry areas, it is advisable to water spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends to avoid ______.
Shallow-planted bulbs may frost-heave and are easily dug out by ______, which munch on them.
Shallow-planted bulbs may frost-heave and are easily dug out by ______, which munch on them.
Many herbaceous perennials adapt well to water ______ in garden designs.
Many herbaceous perennials adapt well to water ______ in garden designs.
Some water lilies are winter-hardy and can survive even in ______ climates.
Some water lilies are winter-hardy and can survive even in ______ climates.
Do not place bulbs directly on ______ when planting.
Do not place bulbs directly on ______ when planting.
Root systems of plants cannot begin to grow without adequate ______.
Root systems of plants cannot begin to grow without adequate ______.
Mulch hardy bulb and corm plantings lightly with two to four inches of composted leaves, shredded fir bark, or composted ______.
Mulch hardy bulb and corm plantings lightly with two to four inches of composted leaves, shredded fir bark, or composted ______.
Follow the package directions for slow-release fertilizers, as an additional application may be necessary ______ through the growing season.
Follow the package directions for slow-release fertilizers, as an additional application may be necessary ______ through the growing season.
Study Notes
Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
- Annuals provide color and beauty in gardens.
- Annuals are useful for window boxes, containers, and youth gardens.
- Annuals are fast-growing from seeds or transplants.
- Perennials are slow-growing and may not bloom in the first year.
- Perennials can begin from seed and then be transplanted to a final location.
- Starting perennials from seed is a slow process.
Flower Garden Maintenance
- Annuals are colorful, long-blooming, and easy to grow.
- Annuals can become weedy by self-seeding.
- Cottage gardens benefit from self-seeded plants.
- Formal gardens require precise balance and volunteer annuals must be removed.
Using Herbaceous Perennials in Garden Design
- Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers, and tuberous roots are part of perennial plants.
- Organic mulch can be used in perennial and annual gardens to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and improve the look of the garden.
- Mulch consists of compost, composted sawdust, chopped or composted leaves, or other materials.
- Apply mulch in spring and late fall.
- Avoid covering the crown of a perennial with mulch.
Fall Cleanup
- Remove dead or damaged plants in the fall.
- Dig up corms and store in a frost-free environment.
- Choose solid, healthy plants when selecting bulbs.
Bulb, Corm, Rhizome, Tuber, and Tuberous Root
- Bulbs have a basal plate where roots originate.
- Corms have a solid stem.
- Tubers are swollen modified stems.
- Examples of plants that form bulbs are onions, garlic, narcissus, tulips, and lilies.
- Examples of plants that form corms are crocus, watsonia, and gladiolus.
- Examples of plants that form tubers are caladium.
Herbaceous Ornamental Plants
- Annuals complete their life cycle in one year, germinating, growing, blooming, and producing seeds before dying
- Biennials live for two years, requiring a summer growing season and winter rest before flowering in their second year
- Perennials live for multiple years and include trees and shrubs, which are woody perennials
- Bulbs are a type of perennial plant with underground storage organs
Annuals
- Annuals need to be replanted each season
- Some newer cultivars of biennials, like hollyhock ‘Queeny Purple’ and digitalis ‘Camelot’, have been bred to flower in their first season
Perennials
- Many familiar garden flowers, like peonies and Shasta daisies, are herbaceous perennials
- Hardy Perennials survive winter in the ground, reviving from their crowns in spring
- Some perennials can live for decades
- Tender Perennials cannot survive outdoor winter conditions and need to be lifted, stored, and replanted in the spring
- The classification of a perennial can vary depending on the climate zone
Garden Design for Perennials
- Choose plants that have cultural needs that match your garden’s characteristics:
- Long-lived (lasting at least four seasons)
- Strong growth without overwhelming other plants
- Long bloom time
- Attractive when out of bloom
- Pest-resistant
- Soil preparation is key to strong future growth:
- Remove weeds, especially perennial weeds
- Dig thoroughly to loosen soil to at least 12 inches
- Double-digging (20 to 24 inches deep) is often recommended
- Watering and Fertilizing:
- Water thoroughly after planting and during dry periods
- Fertilize spring bloomers when they are about an inch tall, using a granular or liquid fertilizer
- Water spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends
- Wildlife: Water features, such as fountains and pools, can attract wildlife, especially birds
- Designing with Water Features: Plant water-tolerant species around ponds, such as Japanese iris, ligularia, and rodgersia
General Guidance for Gardeners
- When reading information about a plant, be sure to consider the cultivar as well as the species, as cultivars may have improved characteristics
- Consider the hardiness zone and climate before planting
- Look for extraordinary plants at association garden sales, specialty nurseries, mail-order catalogs, and from knowledgeable local gardeners
- Develop design confidence by visiting gardens and nurseries and keeping an idea notebook
- Maintain harmonious color patterns throughout the seasons
- Seek advice from knowledgeable garden resources
Annuals
- They live for a single year and require replanting each season
- Include a wide variety of colors and bloom times
- Can be used in containers, window boxes, and gardens
- Commonly used for summer displays
Biennials
- Complete their life cycle in two years
- Produce foliage and roots in the first year, and flowers and seeds in the second
- Grow best in undisturbed conditions
- Need summer growth and winter rest
- Often used in perennial gardens
Perennials
- Live for more than two years
- Provide year-round interest and beauty in the garden
- Include spring-blooming bulbs, herbs, and grasses
- Can be used in containers and water gardens
Garden Design
- Modern gardens are designed for year-round appeal
- Include a combination of evergreens, deciduous shrubs, conifers, and perennial flowers
- Plants are selected for their multiseason qualities, including foliage texture and color
Staking
- Crucial for tall herbaceous flowering plants
- Prevents stems from bending and breaking
- Can be done with bamboo stakes, twigs, or branches
- Support should be placed while plants are young
Watering and Fertilizing
- Plants should be watered thoroughly after planting and during dry periods
- Fall-planted bulbs require water to establish root systems
- Spring bloomers should be fertilized when they reach an inch tall
- Fertilize spring-blooming bulbs after flowering ends
Pest Management
- Use integrated pest management principles
- Grow strong plants to resist disease and insect problems
- Space plants appropriately for air circulation
- Remove dead leaves and weeds to reduce hiding places for pests
Water Gardens
- Growing in popularity
- Herbaceous perennials can adapt well to these environments
- Include Japanese Iris, Ligularia, and native plants
- Can be used for attracting wildlife
- Bowls of water reflect the sky and attract birds
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Explore the fascinating world of herbaceous ornamental plants, focusing on the distinctions between annuals and perennials. Learn about their cultivation, maintenance, and the essential roles they play in garden design. This quiz covers the characteristics of planting, growing, and maintaining vibrant flower gardens.
