Hepatobiliary System Function and Structure

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What is the primary function of bile salts in the digestion process?

To regulate the flow of secretions into the duodenum

To aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and fats (correct)

To facilitate the elimination of bilirubin in the stool

To store and release glucose from glycogen

What is the process by which the liver converts excess carbohydrates into fat for storage?

De novo lipogenesis (correct)

Gluconeogenesis

Glycogenolysis

Proteolysis

What is the structure that regulates the flow of secretions from the common bile duct and pancreatic duct into the duodenum?

Sphincter of Oddi (correct)

Hepatic duct

Cystic duct

Ampulla of Vater

What is the form of bilirubin that is excreted in the bile?

Conjugated and water-soluble Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in maintaining blood glucose levels?

To store and release glucose from glycogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the liver releases glucose into the bloodstream when blood glucose levels are low?

Gluconeogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Kupffer cells in the liver?

To filter out bacteria and foreign substances from portal circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of oxygenated blood to the liver?

Hepatic artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional unit of the liver composed of?

Hepatocytes, sinusoids, and bile canaliculi Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hepatic lobule?

To metabolize nutrients from the portal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sinusoids in the liver?

To receive blood from the hepatic artery and portal vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the portal vein in the liver?

To bring blood from the GI tract to the liver Signup and view all the answers

Where do the cytochrome P450 enzymes hang out in liver cells?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What can affect the activity of the cytochrome P450 enzymes?

Many drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phagocytosis in the liver?

Filtering of blood to destroy bacteria/foreign particles Signup and view all the answers

How much blood can the liver store?

500-1000 L Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common infection that targets liver cells?

HAV Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of liver inflammation?

GI issues or discomfort Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why hepatitis C transmission often becomes chronic?

The virus mutates frequently, making it difficult to treat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following serologic markers is NOT used to detect hepatitis C?

Anti-HBc Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why hepatitis B transmission through blood products is low?

Blood screenings are rigorous Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hepatitis that used to be called serum hepatitis due to transmission through blood and body secretions?

Hepatitis B Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of chronic hepatitis B infection?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to develop a vaccine for hepatitis C?

The virus mutates frequently Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of a change in the color of stool and urine in the Icteric Phase?

Bile is unable to enter the GI tract Signup and view all the answers

Why is ALT a more specific indicator of liver damage than AST?

ALT is more specific to the liver and AST can also be found in muscle and kidney cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment in the Convalescent Phase?

To reduce the symptoms and allow the liver time to recover Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely effect of severe jaundice on the skin?

Itching or pruritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for avoiding antiviral medications in the treatment of hepatitis?

They are hepatotoxic and can further damage the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering IgG to individuals exposed to Hepatitis A?

To provide immediate protection against the hepatitis virus Signup and view all the answers