Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A and E?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A and E?
- Parenteral transmission through needle sticks
- Fecal-oral transmission (correct)
- Transfusion-related transmission
- Sexual transmission
What distinguishes Hepatitis B from Hepatitis C regarding chronic disease?
What distinguishes Hepatitis B from Hepatitis C regarding chronic disease?
- Hepatitis B has a higher chronicity than Hepatitis C
- Chronic disease occurs equally in both viruses
- Hepatitis C never leads to chronic disease
- Chronic disease occurs in 20% of Hepatitis B cases only (correct)
Which statement is true regarding Hepatitis E infection in pregnant women?
Which statement is true regarding Hepatitis E infection in pregnant women?
- It is associated with acute hepatitis and liver failure (correct)
- It typically results in a chronic state
- There is a vaccine available for its prevention
- It is transmitted through sexual contact
Which diagnostic test is specifically used to confirm Hepatitis C infection?
Which diagnostic test is specifically used to confirm Hepatitis C infection?
Which of the following comments regarding Hepatitis A is incorrect?
Which of the following comments regarding Hepatitis A is incorrect?
What is a consequence of Hepatitis D infection in relation to Hepatitis B?
What is a consequence of Hepatitis D infection in relation to Hepatitis B?
In the acute stage of Hepatitis B infection, which serologic marker is the first to rise?
In the acute stage of Hepatitis B infection, which serologic marker is the first to rise?
Which statement accurately differentiates chronic hepatitis from acute hepatitis?
Which statement accurately differentiates chronic hepatitis from acute hepatitis?
What does the presence of HBSAB indicate after vaccination against Hepatitis B?
What does the presence of HBSAB indicate after vaccination against Hepatitis B?
What defines a chronic state of Hepatitis B infection?
What defines a chronic state of Hepatitis B infection?
What type of hepatitis is most likely to be asymptomatic despite elevated liver enzymes?
What type of hepatitis is most likely to be asymptomatic despite elevated liver enzymes?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with acute hepatitis?
Which of the following is a symptom commonly associated with acute hepatitis?
What is the significance of the presence of HBV DNA in a resolved Hepatitis B infection?
What is the significance of the presence of HBV DNA in a resolved Hepatitis B infection?
Flashcards
Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV) Transmission
Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV) Transmission
Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV) are transmitted through fecal-oral contact. They cause acute hepatitis, meaning a sudden inflammation of the liver, and do not lead to chronic infection. The presence of anti-HAV IgM antibodies indicates active infection, while IgG antibodies signify past infection or immunization. HEV infection during pregnancy carries a risk of fulminant hepatitis, a severe form of liver failure.
Hepatitis B (HBV) Transmission
Hepatitis B (HBV) Transmission
Hepatitis B (HBV) is primarily spread through bodily fluids like blood, saliva, and semen. While it can cause acute hepatitis, a significant portion (20%) progresses to chronic infection.
Hepatitis C (HCV) Transmission
Hepatitis C (HCV) Transmission
Hepatitis C (HCV) is mainly transmitted through blood, often via shared needles or unprotected sex. Blood transfusions pose a minimal risk due to robust screening measures. HCV infection frequently leads to chronic hepatitis, with ongoing inflammation of the liver.
Anti-HAV IgM Antibodies
Anti-HAV IgM Antibodies
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Anti-HAV IgG Antibodies
Anti-HAV IgG Antibodies
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Hepatitis D Virus Infection
Hepatitis D Virus Infection
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Acute Hepatitis B
Acute Hepatitis B
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Window Phase of Hepatitis B
Window Phase of Hepatitis B
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Resolved Hepatitis B
Resolved Hepatitis B
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Chronic Hepatitis B
Chronic Hepatitis B
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Hepatitis
Hepatitis
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Acute Hepatitis
Acute Hepatitis
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Chronic Hepatitis
Chronic Hepatitis
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Study Notes
Hepatitis Virus Transmission and Features
- Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E (HEV): Transmitted through the fecal-oral route. HAV is commonly acquired by travelers, and HEV from contaminated water or undercooked seafood.
- Hepatitis B (HBV): Transmitted through parenteral routes, including childbirth, unprotected sex, intravenous drug use (IVDA), and needle sticks.
- Hepatitis C (HCV): Parenteral transmission is the primary route, including IVDA, unprotected sex. Transfusion risk is minimal due to blood screening.
- Hepatitis D (HDV): Depends on HBV for infection. Superinfection (infection with HBV and HDV) is worse than coinfection (infection with both at the same time).
Hepatitis Virus Comments
- HAV and HEV: Acute hepatitis; no chronic state. Anti-virus IgM marks active infection; IgG indicates prior infection or immunization. HEV infection in pregnant women is associated with potentially fatal fulminant hepatitis.
- HBV: Acute hepatitis but also results in chronic infection in 20% of cases.
- HCV: Acute hepatitis often progressing to chronic infection in the majority of cases. HCV-RNA confirms infection, reduced RNA levels suggest recovery, and persistent levels indicate chronic disease.
- HDV: Infection is dependent on prior or simultaneous HBV infection.
Additional Notes (Table 11.3)
- Chronic hepatitis is indicated when symptoms last more than six months.
- Inflammation predominantly affects portal tracts.
- Hepatitis can cause jaundice, fever, malaise, and elevated liver enzymes. Jaundice is due to increased bilirubin.
- Inflammation affects liver lobules and portal tracts, resulting in potentially serious conditions like cirrhosis. Some acute hepatitis cases may be asymptomatic.
- Serologic markers (like HBSAG, HBEAG, HBcIgG) are used to detect specific antibodies and antigens.
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