Podcast
Questions and Answers
What immunization is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection?
What immunization is recommended for all patients with chronic HCV infection?
- Human Papillomavirus vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
- Hepatitis A and B vaccines (correct)
- Influenza vaccine
What condition is NOT accelerated in progression of liver disease among children with chronic HCV infection?
What condition is NOT accelerated in progression of liver disease among children with chronic HCV infection?
- Iron overload
- Childhood cancer
- Asthma (correct)
- HIV
Which monitoring is essential for children with chronic HCV infection?
Which monitoring is essential for children with chronic HCV infection?
- Regular ECG examinations
- Monitoring of blood glucose levels
- Sequential monitoring of serum alanine transaminase concentrations (correct)
- Sequential monitoring of serum creatinine levels
What therapy is contraindicated for postexposure prophylaxis against HCV infection due to lack of clinical efficacy?
What therapy is contraindicated for postexposure prophylaxis against HCV infection due to lack of clinical efficacy?
Which factor increases liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic HCV infection?
Which factor increases liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic HCV infection?
What is NOT considered an adverse effect of traditional therapies for HCV?
What is NOT considered an adverse effect of traditional therapies for HCV?
Which statement regarding breastfeeding is true for mothers infected with HCV?
Which statement regarding breastfeeding is true for mothers infected with HCV?
What is recommended for the management of pediatric patients with HCV infection?
What is recommended for the management of pediatric patients with HCV infection?
What is the primary reason highly sensitive quantitative assays have replaced qualitative assays for measuring HCV RNA?
What is the primary reason highly sensitive quantitative assays have replaced qualitative assays for measuring HCV RNA?
What proportion of the general population in the United States is estimated to have chronic HCV infection?
What proportion of the general population in the United States is estimated to have chronic HCV infection?
Why is HCV genotyping important in treatment protocols?
Why is HCV genotyping important in treatment protocols?
What is the recommended age for serologic testing for HCV in perinatally infected infants?
What is the recommended age for serologic testing for HCV in perinatally infected infants?
Which group is most likely to experience acute HCV cases according to reported data?
Which group is most likely to experience acute HCV cases according to reported data?
What should be done if a perinatally HCV-exposed infant is not followed until 18 months of age?
What should be done if a perinatally HCV-exposed infant is not followed until 18 months of age?
Which method is primarily responsible for HCV transmission among children?
Which method is primarily responsible for HCV transmission among children?
What should patients diagnosed with HCV infection be referred for?
What should patients diagnosed with HCV infection be referred for?
What is the estimated risk of HCV infection after blood transfusion in the United States?
What is the estimated risk of HCV infection after blood transfusion in the United States?
According to seroprevalence data, which region has the highest prevalence of chronic HCV infection worldwide?
According to seroprevalence data, which region has the highest prevalence of chronic HCV infection worldwide?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of traditional therapies such as interferon-based treatments?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of traditional therapies such as interferon-based treatments?
What is the current standard of care therapy for adults with HCV?
What is the current standard of care therapy for adults with HCV?
What is the most notable preventive measure to reduce the risk of HCV transmission during blood transfusions?
What is the most notable preventive measure to reduce the risk of HCV transmission during blood transfusions?
Which demographic in the United States has seen a substantial increase in HCV infection rates?
Which demographic in the United States has seen a substantial increase in HCV infection rates?
What should be done if the initial quantitative HCV RNA result is negative for an infant?
What should be done if the initial quantitative HCV RNA result is negative for an infant?
What factor is often related to the prevalence of HCV among various populations?
What factor is often related to the prevalence of HCV among various populations?
Flashcards
HCV RNA detection
HCV RNA detection
Measuring the presence or amount of Hepatitis C virus RNA in a sample.
Quantitative HCV RNA assays
Quantitative HCV RNA assays
Assays that measure the concentration of HCV RNA.
HCV genotyping
HCV genotyping
Identifying the specific type (genotype) of HCV.
Treatment regimens for HCV
Treatment regimens for HCV
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Perinatal HCV infection
Perinatal HCV infection
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Serologic testing (HCV)
Serologic testing (HCV)
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Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)
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HCV infection monitoring
HCV infection monitoring
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HCV infection in children
HCV infection in children
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HCV and Liver Disease
HCV and Liver Disease
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Hepatitis A&B vaccination
Hepatitis A&B vaccination
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Monitoring Children with HCV
Monitoring Children with HCV
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HCV in Adults
HCV in Adults
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HCV and Other Conditions
HCV and Other Conditions
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HCV Guidelines
HCV Guidelines
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Breastfeeding with HCV
Breastfeeding with HCV
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HCV infection prevalence in US
HCV infection prevalence in US
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HCV transmission in adults
HCV transmission in adults
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HCV transmission in children
HCV transmission in children
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HCV risk from blood transfusion (US)
HCV risk from blood transfusion (US)
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HCV and injection drug use
HCV and injection drug use
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High HCV prevalence regions
High HCV prevalence regions
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HCV infection route
HCV infection route
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HCV in young people
HCV in young people
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Study Notes
Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection signs and symptoms are similar to other hepatitis types
- Acute HCV is often mild and asymptomatic
- Jaundice occurs in less than 20% of patients
- Serum alanine transaminase levels are usually less pronounced than in hepatitis B
- Up to 80% of children experience persistent HCV infection, often without symptoms
- Chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis are less common in children than adults
- Liver failure due to HCV is a leading cause of liver transplants in adults
- HCV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family
- At least 7 genotypes and more than 50 subtypes of HCV exist
- Genotype 1a is prevalent in the United States
- HCV transmission primarily occurs through percutaneous exposure to infected blood
- Injection drug use and blood transfusions before 1992 are common risk factors for adults
- Maternal-fetal transmission is a common route for children
- Antibody testing and nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) are used for diagnosis
- HCV RNA can be detected 1-2 weeks after exposure
- 97% sensitivity and >99% specificity for third-generation immunoassays
- Testing for HCV RNA is recommended as follow up for serologic results
- HCV RNA tests can be used to monitor treatment response
- Many current therapies are oral, once-daily, and effective
- Treatment generally aims for a sustained virologic response (cure)
- HCV infection increases risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer (HCC) with increasing age
- Other conditions (e.g., HIV, cancer, iron overload) can increase HCV disease progression rates
- Immunoprophylaxis is not recommended for HCV
- Breastfeeding is safe for HCV-infected mothers
- Children with HCV infection should not be excluded from child care
- HCV testing is recommended for high-risk individuals (e.g., injection drug use history individuals born between 1945-1965) and those with symptoms/risk factors
- Pregnant women should be tested due to potential for transmission
- Children born to HCV-positive mothers may develop HCV, increasing with higher HCV RNA levels in the mother
- Appropriate testing time for infants is after maternal antibody levels have subsided (~18 months).
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