Podcast
Questions and Answers
Hepatitis A has a chronic infection phase lasting more than 6 months.
Hepatitis A has a chronic infection phase lasting more than 6 months.
False (B)
Hepatitis B can be transmitted sexually.
Hepatitis B can be transmitted sexually.
True (A)
The incubation period for Hepatitis C ranges from 2 weeks to 6 months.
The incubation period for Hepatitis C ranges from 2 weeks to 6 months.
True (A)
Only children are affected by Hepatitis E.
Only children are affected by Hepatitis E.
Fulminant Hepatitis is a known complication of Hepatitis E.
Fulminant Hepatitis is a known complication of Hepatitis E.
Hepatitis D can increase the severity of Hepatitis B superinfection.
Hepatitis D can increase the severity of Hepatitis B superinfection.
There is a vaccine available for Hepatitis C.
There is a vaccine available for Hepatitis C.
The primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A is through blood.
The primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis A is through blood.
Antiviral therapy is a treatment option for Hepatitis B.
Antiviral therapy is a treatment option for Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis E has a low mortality rate in pregnant patients.
Hepatitis E has a low mortality rate in pregnant patients.
Liver biopsy is confirmed to show 'ground glass' appearance in Hepatitis A.
Liver biopsy is confirmed to show 'ground glass' appearance in Hepatitis A.
Hepatitis C can lead to chronic conditions such as cirrhosis.
Hepatitis C can lead to chronic conditions such as cirrhosis.
Diagnosis of Hepatitis D requires tests for Anti-HDV IgM antibodies.
Diagnosis of Hepatitis D requires tests for Anti-HDV IgM antibodies.
The prognosis for Hepatitis B is generally poor, especially for adults.
The prognosis for Hepatitis B is generally poor, especially for adults.
Hepatitis A can lead to chronic infection lasting more than six months.
Hepatitis A can lead to chronic infection lasting more than six months.
Hepatitis B can affect individuals of any age.
Hepatitis B can affect individuals of any age.
Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through food.
Hepatitis C is primarily transmitted through food.
Fulminant Hepatitis is a complication unique to Hepatitis D.
Fulminant Hepatitis is a complication unique to Hepatitis D.
The incubation period for Hepatitis E ranges from 2 to 8 weeks.
The incubation period for Hepatitis E ranges from 2 to 8 weeks.
Serology for Hepatitis B includes Hepatitis B Core Antibodies (anti-HBc).
Serology for Hepatitis B includes Hepatitis B Core Antibodies (anti-HBc).
Anti-HCV antibodies are used to diagnose Hepatitis A.
Anti-HCV antibodies are used to diagnose Hepatitis A.
Hepatitis D cannot cause chronic infections.
Hepatitis D cannot cause chronic infections.
Hepatitis E has a significant mortality risk in pregnant women.
Hepatitis E has a significant mortality risk in pregnant women.
Individuals infected with Hepatitis B are often asymptomatic during the prodromal phase.
Individuals infected with Hepatitis B are often asymptomatic during the prodromal phase.
Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis C shows patchy necrosis.
Liver Biopsy in Hepatitis C shows patchy necrosis.
There is currently a vaccine available for Hepatitis E.
There is currently a vaccine available for Hepatitis E.
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E have similar modes of transmission.
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E have similar modes of transmission.
Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are a treatment option for Hepatitis B.
Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are a treatment option for Hepatitis B.
Study Notes
Hepatitis Overview
- Hepatitis A: Self-limiting within 6 months with a faecal-oral transmission route.
- Hepatitis B: Parenteral, sexual, and perinatal transmission with potential chronic infection.
- Hepatitis C: Primarily bloodborne; 80% of cases are asymptomatic in the acute phase.
- Hepatitis D: Occurs similarly to Hepatitis B; causes worsened prognosis in superinfection cases.
- Hepatitis E: Self-limiting, primarily waterborne; high mortality risk in pregnant women.
Hepatitis A
- Complications are rare; prognosis is generally good.
- Symptoms include RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, and tender hepatomegaly.
- Diagnosis through serology showing ↑ Anti-HAV IgM and IgG antibodies.
- Treatment includes immunoglobulin therapy and vaccination.
Hepatitis B
- Symptoms vary; rash and arthralgias are common.
- Complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are significant.
- Risk for chronic infection, especially in neonates; adults often experience full resolution.
- Diagnosis relies on serology tests, including anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies.
- Treatment includes antiviral therapy and preventive measures like vaccination and lifestyle changes.
Hepatitis C
- Mostly asymptomatic during the acute phase; chronic phase may lead to cirrhosis in 25%.
- Can trigger multisystem diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, aplastic anemia).
- Risk of chronic infection; majority develop stable chronic hepatitis.
- Diagnosis includes testing for Anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA.
- Treatment involves antiviral therapy; no vaccine available.
Hepatitis D
- Shares transmission methods with Hepatitis B; causes complications like hepatic encephalopathy.
- Higher risk of chronic infection and worse outcomes in superinfection.
- Diagnosis through serology showing ↑ Anti-HDV IgM and HDV RNA.
- Treated with antiviral therapy (pegylated interferon alfa) and HBV vaccination for prevention.
Hepatitis E
- Commonly self-limiting with a prognosis of resolution within 6 months.
- Symptoms mirror Hepatitis A; pregnant women face higher risks of fulminant hepatitis.
- Diagnosis is confirmed via ↑ Anti-HEV IgM, Anti-HEV IgG, and HEV RNA testing.
- Treatment is largely supportive, with no available vaccine.
Hepatitis Overview
- Hepatitis A: Self-limiting within 6 months with a faecal-oral transmission route.
- Hepatitis B: Parenteral, sexual, and perinatal transmission with potential chronic infection.
- Hepatitis C: Primarily bloodborne; 80% of cases are asymptomatic in the acute phase.
- Hepatitis D: Occurs similarly to Hepatitis B; causes worsened prognosis in superinfection cases.
- Hepatitis E: Self-limiting, primarily waterborne; high mortality risk in pregnant women.
Hepatitis A
- Complications are rare; prognosis is generally good.
- Symptoms include RUQ pain, fever, jaundice, and tender hepatomegaly.
- Diagnosis through serology showing ↑ Anti-HAV IgM and IgG antibodies.
- Treatment includes immunoglobulin therapy and vaccination.
Hepatitis B
- Symptoms vary; rash and arthralgias are common.
- Complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are significant.
- Risk for chronic infection, especially in neonates; adults often experience full resolution.
- Diagnosis relies on serology tests, including anti-HBc and anti-HBs antibodies.
- Treatment includes antiviral therapy and preventive measures like vaccination and lifestyle changes.
Hepatitis C
- Mostly asymptomatic during the acute phase; chronic phase may lead to cirrhosis in 25%.
- Can trigger multisystem diseases (e.g., glomerulonephritis, aplastic anemia).
- Risk of chronic infection; majority develop stable chronic hepatitis.
- Diagnosis includes testing for Anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA.
- Treatment involves antiviral therapy; no vaccine available.
Hepatitis D
- Shares transmission methods with Hepatitis B; causes complications like hepatic encephalopathy.
- Higher risk of chronic infection and worse outcomes in superinfection.
- Diagnosis through serology showing ↑ Anti-HDV IgM and HDV RNA.
- Treated with antiviral therapy (pegylated interferon alfa) and HBV vaccination for prevention.
Hepatitis E
- Commonly self-limiting with a prognosis of resolution within 6 months.
- Symptoms mirror Hepatitis A; pregnant women face higher risks of fulminant hepatitis.
- Diagnosis is confirmed via ↑ Anti-HEV IgM, Anti-HEV IgG, and HEV RNA testing.
- Treatment is largely supportive, with no available vaccine.
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Description
This quiz covers Hepatitis A, detailing its aetiology, transmission routes, and clinical phases. It also highlights symptoms such as jaundice and potential complications. Test your knowledge of this self-limiting viral infection and its effects on liver health.
