26 Questions
What is the functional unit of the liver?
Hepatocytes
Which cells in the liver are involved in defense mechanisms and remove debris and bacteria?
Kupffer cells
What is the main cause of liver diseases that often never come to medical attention?
Viral hepatitis
Which type of cell death in the liver is unprogrammed and associated with hepatitis?
Necrosis
In which zone of hepatic acinus does oxygenated blood from the hepatic artery enter?
Zone 1
What is the main characteristic feature of acute hepatitis infection?
< 6 months duration
Which virus requires the presence of another virus to infect a host during co-infection?
Hepatitis D virus
What is the main target of hepatitis viruses during the replication cycle?
Hepatocyte cells
Which hepatitis virus has the shortest incubation period before symptoms appear?
Hepatitis A virus
What is the average duration of acute phase infection caused by Hepatitis C virus?
8 weeks
Which hepatitis virus has a lipid bilayer and a partial double-stranded DNA genome?
Hepatitis B virus
During hepatitis viral replication, what is released into the nucleus after the uncoating of the virus?
ssRNA
Which type of infection involves HBV first infecting the host followed by HDV infection?
Superinfection
What is the primary mode of transmission for Hepatitis E virus?
(Contaminated) food or water consumption
'Partial dsDNA' refers to which type of genetic material found in hepatitis viruses?
(Partial double-stranded DNA)
'Fulminant Hep in pregnant women' is most commonly associated with which hepatitis virus?
(Hepatitis E virus)
Which enzyme is responsible for converting pre-genomic RNA to DNA in the Hepatitis B virus replication cycle?
Reverse transcriptase
During which phase of viral hepatitis infection do flu-like symptoms commonly occur?
Prodromal Phase
Which cells release perforin and granzymes to induce cytotoxicity in hepatocytes during hepatitis pathology?
Cytotoxic T cells
What occurs in the Exocytosis phase of the Hepatitis B virus replication cycle?
Matured vesicles leave the hepatocyte
What is the role of MHC I in hepatitis pathology?
Presenting antigens on hepatocyte surfaces
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing more DNA in order to allow proper replication of dsDNA in the Hepatitis B virus replication cycle?
DNA polymerase
What effect does increased hepatotoxins in an injured liver have on the hypothalamic thermostat?
Causes fever by triggering prostaglandin release
How do perforins and granzymes induce apoptosis in hepatocytes?
Perforins form pores in the hepatocyte membrane, allowing granzymes to enter and trigger apoptosis
'Jaundice-like' yellow discoloration of skin is primarily due to the deposition of which substance during viral hepatitis infection?
'Bilirubin'
What is the main reason for decreased bile flow in the liver during viral hepatitis infection?
Cholestasis due to reduced bile flow
This quiz covers the replication process of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), including attachment to hepatocytes, endocytosis, uncoating, and nuclear import of its genetic material. It also includes steps such as RNA polymerase replication, maturation, assembly of viral proteins, and exocytosis in infected cells.
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