30 Questions
Which type of viruses are generally more genetically stable than RNA viruses?
DNA viruses
What is the term used to describe the presence of genetically different viral variants in the same infected individual?
Quasi-species
Which viral replicative enzyme is the most error-prone?
Reverse transcriptase of HBV and retroviruses
Which enzyme in HCV replication contributes to the high degree of variability in the virus?
Reverse transcriptase
Which HCV genotype is the most prevalent worldwide and in Europe?
Genotype 1
What is the most important baseline predictor for response to Peg-IFN + Ribavirin Combination Therapy for HCV?
HCV genotype
What is the most prone to variation among HIV genome regions?
Env gene
Which virus has the smallest genome of known animal DNA viruses?
HBV
What is the mutation rate of Reverse Transcriptase in HBV genome?
1 mutation / 105 nucleotide
Which type of inhibitors target the fusion process of the virus?
Fusion inhibitors
What is the pattern of lamivudine resistance mutations that strongly reduces the binding affinity with neutralizing antibodies?
I195M+E164D in the HBsAg
Which viruses are subject to antigenic drift?
Influenza virus, HIV, HBV, and HCV
What is antigenic shift?
A genetic reassortment resulting in extended changes in antigenic properties
Which virus is prone to antigenic shift and why?
Influenza virus, due to its segmented genome
What is viral recombination?
The generation of a viral progeny presenting stable phenotypic characteristics of both parent viruses
Which virus is known for having a highly error-prone replicative enzyme?
Hepatitis B virus
What is the term used to describe the presence of a swarm of genetically different viral variants in the same infected individual?
Quasispecies
Which type of viruses are generally more genetically stable than RNA viruses?
Herpesviruses
Which enzyme in HIV replication is responsible for the high mutation rate of the virus?
Reverse Transcriptase
Which HCV genotype is significantly more prevalent among patients with liver cirrhosis and those with decompensated liver disease requiring liver transplantation?
Genotype 1b
What is the Immediate Precursor of HIV-1?
SIVcpz
What is the estimated percentage of HIV isolates that represent recombinants between different subtypes?
20%
Which type of inhibitors target the attachment process of the virus?
Entry inhibitors
What is the most common mutation pattern associated with lamivudine resistance in HBV?
M204V+L180M+V173L in RT
Which virus has a replication strategy that is unique among all DNA viruses?
HBV
What is the term used to describe the ability of viruses to change their genetic makeup over time?
Viral evolution
Which viruses are subject to antigenic drift?
Influenza virus, HIV, HBV, HCV
Which virus is prone to antigenic shift due to the segmented nature of its genome?
Influenza virus
What is the phenomenon that occurs during replication of RNA viruses, when the viral enzyme can jump from one template strand to another, dragging the chain of newly synthesized one and with the generation of a hybrid polynucleotide strand?
Viral recombination
What is the term used to describe the exchange of homologous stretches of genetic material between two virus strains co-infecting the same cell, with the generation of a viral progeny presenting stable phenotypic characteristics of both parent viruses?
Viral recombination
Test your knowledge on the variability and classification of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in this quiz. Learn about the daily generation of mutations, the role of HCV polymerase, and the concept of quasispecies at the patient level. Explore the different genotypes and subgenotypes of HCV at population level and get familiar with its classification into 7 distinct genotypes.
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