Questions and Answers
What is the typical outcome for individuals infected with HAV?
Clinical resolution within 6 months
What percentage of HAV patients are typically symptomatic?
More than 70%
What is a common symptom of HAV infection in children younger than 6 years old?
Asymptomatic
What is a common laboratory finding in patients with HAV infection?
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What is a rare complication of HAV infection?
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What is the duration of HAV infection resolution?
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What percentage of patients with Hepatitis B infection are likely to be asymptomatic?
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What is one of the goals of treatment for Hepatitis B?
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Who should be counseled on preventing disease transmission?
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Why is it important to prevent HBV reactivation in patients with inactive HBV infections?
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What is a complication of Hepatitis B infection?
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Who should be treated for Hepatitis B infection?
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What is a symptom of Hepatitis B infection?
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What is the term for the yellowish pigmentation of the sclera?
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What is recommended for patients with chronic Hepatitis B infection?
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Which of the following laboratory findings is characteristic of Hepatitis A in the acute phase of infection?
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What is the primary diagnostic tool for acute HAV infection?
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What are the clinical criteria for the diagnosis of acute HAV infection?
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What is the typical timeline for the detection of IgM anti-HAV in patients with acute HAV infection?
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What is a common symptom of acute HAV infection?
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Which of the following is a characteristic laboratory finding of Hepatitis C?
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What is a common complication of Hepatitis A infection?
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Study Notes
Hepatitis A (HAV)
- Most individuals have a clinical resolution within 6 months of infection, and some within 2 months.
- HAV does not lead to chronic infections.
- Children younger than 6 years of age are typically asymptomatic.
- Symptoms may include fever, jaundice, scleral icterus, hepatomegaly, and pruritus.
Hepatitis B (HBV)
- Approximately 70% of patients are subclinical or asymptomatic.
- Younger patients are most likely to be asymptomatic.
- Symptoms may include jaundice, dark urine, white stool, abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite, and pruritus.
- Goals of treatment: suppress HBV replication, prevent disease progression to cirrhosis and HCC, and prevent HBV reactivation in patients with inactive HBV infections.
- All patients with cirrhosis require HBV treatment, regardless of DNA or ALT levels.
Hepatitis C (HCV)
- Approximately 70% of patients are asymptomatic.
- Symptoms may include jaundice, dark urine, white stool, abdominal pain, fatigue, fever, chills, loss of appetite, and pruritus.
Laboratory Findings
- ALT/AST elevations:
- HAV: >1000 IU/L, ALT > AST
- HBV: 1000-2000 IU/L, ALT > AST
- HCV: highly variable, can be approximately 1000 IU/L, ALT > AST
- Bilirubin:
- HAV: elevated and preceded by aminotransferase elevations
- HBV: can be within normal or elevated
- HCV: elevated and preceded by aminotransferase elevations
- Virus-specific tests:
- HAV: IgM anti-HAV
- HBV: IgM anti-HBc, HBsAg
- HCV: HCV RNA (+) or quantifiable, HCV antibody reactive within 12 weeks of exposure
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