Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary hypothesis being tested in the hepatic encephalopathy experiment?
What is the primary hypothesis being tested in the hepatic encephalopathy experiment?
- Increased liver size results from ammonia exposure.
- Liver regeneration occurs after ammonia administration.
- Liver injury causes elevated blood acidity levels.
- Ammonia intoxication leads to hepatic encephalopathy. (correct)
Why is the rabbit fixed in a supine position without anesthesia during the experiment?
Why is the rabbit fixed in a supine position without anesthesia during the experiment?
- To prevent movement during the anesthesia process.
- To maintain consciousness for observation of changes. (correct)
- To reduce stress levels in the animal.
- To avoid complications during the surgery.
What is the purpose of ligating blood vessels surrounding the liver during the surgery?
What is the purpose of ligating blood vessels surrounding the liver during the surgery?
- To simulate liver injury effectively. (correct)
- To promote liver regeneration.
- To enhance blood flow to the liver.
- To prevent excessive blood loss during the procedure.
Which step in the procedure involves ensuring the catheter is directed toward the intestines?
Which step in the procedure involves ensuring the catheter is directed toward the intestines?
What is the purpose of administering compound ammonium chloride every 5 minutes?
What is the purpose of administering compound ammonium chloride every 5 minutes?
Which of the following best describes the significance of making an 8 cm midline incision?
Which of the following best describes the significance of making an 8 cm midline incision?
What method is used to confirm the rabbit's responsiveness during the observation phase?
What method is used to confirm the rabbit's responsiveness during the observation phase?
What initial action is taken to prepare the rabbit before surgery?
What initial action is taken to prepare the rabbit before surgery?
Flashcards
Ammonia intoxication hypothesis
Ammonia intoxication hypothesis
A hypothesis suggesting liver injury leading to increased blood ammonia causes ammonia toxicity, resulting in hepatic encephalopathy.
Liver ligation
Liver ligation
A surgical procedure that simulates liver injury by tying off blood vessels surrounding the liver.
Ammonia salt injection
Ammonia salt injection
A procedure involving injecting ammonia salt into the intestine to mimic increased ammonia levels.
Procaine local anesthesia
Procaine local anesthesia
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Falciform ligament
Falciform ligament
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Duodenum
Duodenum
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Physical examination
Physical examination
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Compound ammonium chloride
Compound ammonium chloride
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Study Notes
Hepatic Encephalopathy Experiment
- Hypothesis: Liver injury is caused by increased blood ammonia.
- Experiment Method: Ammonia toxicity hypothesis. Aimed to simulate liver injury through two operations:
- Ligation of the liver.
- Injection of ammonia salt into the intestinal tract.
- Anesthesia: Rabbits are not given general anesthesia as changes in consciousness from normal state to hepatic encephalopathy aren't observed as the rabbit is under general anesthesia.
- Preparation: Fix the rabbit in a supine position.
- Procedure:
- Shear hair from the upper abdomen.
- Administer local anesthesia (procaine).
- Incise (8cm) through the skin, subcutaneous tissue to reach linea alba.
- Cut open abdominal muscles along the linea alba.
- Expose the liver,
- Cut the falciform ligament and expose liver.
- Ligate the blood vessels of the liver (surgical steps to complete liver surgery).
- Find the duodenum, create a hole in it, and insert a catheter.
- Hemostatic forceps or thread can be used.
- Observe the rabbit's overall condition.
- Observe corneal reflection and blink speed.
- Observe normal breathing frequency and irritability response.
- Inject 5ml/5 minutes of compound ammonium chloride through intubation.
- Observation: Constantly monitor response.
- Corneal reflex.
- Irritability.
- Results/Symptoms:
- If the experiment is successful, the rabbit will exhibit changes: arms and legs becoming straight, belly drumming, complete disappearance of corneal reflex, and the duration of this state is approximately 10 seconds.
- Additional abnormal symptoms could include hyperventilation (rapid breathing), and high levels of irritability.
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