Hemostasis and Coagulation
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Questions and Answers

What enzyme converts phospholipids from the platelet membrane into arachidonic acid?

  • Platelet aggregation enzyme
  • Cyclooxygenase
  • Phospholipase A2 (correct)
  • Prostaglandin G2
  • Thromboxane synthetase

Which enzyme converts prostaglandins into thromboxane A2?

  • Prostaglandin G2
  • Phospholipase A2
  • Cyclooxygenase
  • Arachidonic acid converter
  • Thromboxane synthetase (correct)

What is the role of Ca21 in promoting platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction?

  • Inhibiting enzyme activity
  • Converting arachidonic acid
  • Released from the dense tubules (correct)
  • Preventing platelet aggregation
  • Activating phospholipase A2

How does aspirin function to decrease platelet activity?

<p>By blocking cyclooxygenase enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?

<p>(9a, 8a, Ca, P) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which negative-charged surface activates the contact factor group in the coagulation system?

<p>(In-vivo: collagen) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ionized calcium in the coagulation process?

<p>It binds to negatively charged phospholipid surfaces, allowing serine proteases to assemble the coagulation complexes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a synonym for factor VII?

<p>Antihemophilic factor A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of vitamin K on the coagulation factors with glutamic acid in their N-terminal?

<p>Vitamin K converts the neutral charge of glutamic acid to a negative charge through gamma-carboxylation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors?

<p>They activate the coagulation cascade by converting prothrombin to thrombin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coagulation factor is also known as the 'Christmas factor'?

<p>Factor IX (Christmas factor) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the increase in levels of fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factor VIII relate to the coagulation process?

<p>They are acute phase reactants, and their levels increase in response to inflammation, trauma, pregnancy, infection, and stress. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which serpin family member is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein that increases the ability of ZPI to inhibit factor Xa 2000-fold?

<p>Protein Z (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which inhibitor is a nonspecific, heparin-binding serpin that can act as both an anticoagulant and a procoagulant depending on its target?

<p>Protein C inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which member of the serpin family can inhibit factor XIa in a separate reaction that does not require protein Z, phospholipid, and Ca21?

<p>ZPI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accelerates the inhibition of factor XIa by ZPI?

<p>Heparin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which serpin family member is a potent inhibitor of factor Xa when in a complex with Ca21 and phospholipid?

<p>ZPI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which serpin family member is capable of digesting plasma fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII, and fibronectin when free in circulation?

<p>a2-antiplasmin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of heparan sulfate in the text?

<p>Enhances the activity of antithrombin, a blood plasma serine protease inhibitor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the pharmaceutical anticoagulant heparin resemble endothelial cell (EC) heparan sulfate?

<p>Heparin has a similar structure and inhibitory activity when bound to antithrombin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial response of the vascular system to injury according to the text?

<p>Smooth muscle cells contract to minimize the flow of blood to the injured area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADAMTS13 secreted from endothelial cells (ECs)?

<p>ADAMTS13 cleaves large VWF multimers into shorter chains that support normal platelet adhesion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of von Willebrand factor (VWF) when the vascular system is damaged?

<p>VWF promotes coagulation by rolling and acting as a bridge that binds platelets to exposed subendothelial collagen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the exposed collagen-rich basement membrane/subendothelial connective tissue when the vascular system is damaged?

<p>The exposed collagen-rich basement membrane promotes coagulation by activating platelets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the activated protein C-protein S complex?

<p>Hydrolyzes and inactivates factors Va and VIIIa to slow or block thrombin generation and coagulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of protein S that is free in the plasma?

<p>40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of protein S-C4bBP binding in inflammatory conditions?

<p>It increases the risk of thrombosis by decreasing free protein S levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when neonates completely lack protein C?

<p>Purpura fulminans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the protein C regulatory system?

<p>To downregulate factors Va and VIIIa and slow or block coagulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of chronic acquired or inherited deficiency or mutations in the protein C or protein S pathways?

<p>Increased risk of thrombosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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