48 Questions
What is the primary function of vasoconstriction in the process of hemostasis?
To reduce blood flow
Which disorder is characterized by a defect in collagen in the vessel wall?
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
What is the commonest inherited bleeding disorder involving platelets?
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
Which factor deficiency is associated with secondary hemostasis disorders?
Fibrinogen
Which anticoagulant drug directly inhibits thrombin?
Argatroban
What do normal endothelial cells express that inhibits platelet aggregation and promotes fibrinolysis?
Anticoagulant factors
In the process of hemostasis, what do platelets adhere to after injury?
ECM
What is the role of secreted granule contents in platelet aggregation?
Activating GpIIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets
Which factor is responsible for generating cross-linked fibrin and activating other coagulation factors?
Thrombin
What is the most common origin of pulmonary embolism?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
What is the impact of a saddle embolus on the body?
Acute right heart failure
What is the dominant histologic characteristic of infarction morphology?
Wedge-shaped infarcts
What percentage of systemic emboli arise from intracardiac mural thrombi?
80%
From which part of the organ does the periphery of an infarct originate?
Base
What is the mortality rate associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
10%
What is the mortality rate associated with sepsis and shock?
55-70%
Which of the following is NOT a focus of management in the treatment of sepsis?
Administering anticoagulants
What does a body temperature exceeding 38°C indicate in the context of SIRS?
SIRS criteria met
What is the effect of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy on brain regions?
Primarily affects hippocampus
Which population group is most commonly impacted by septic emboli?
Elderly individuals
What is the preferred timing for administering blood cultures in sepsis management?
Within the first hour of sepsis recognition
Which physiological change in pregnancy can mimic SIRS criteria?
Increased respiratory rate
In the context of cognitive impairment related to sepsis, which of the following is common?
'Red neurons' indicating irreversible injury
'Pre-existing organ dysfunction/disease' is classified as which type of comorbidity in the context of sepsis?
'Specific' comorbidity
What is the role of thrombin in platelet aggregation?
Generates cross-linked fibrin and activates other coagulation factors
Which condition is characterized by Abnormal blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and hypercoagulability?
Deep vein thrombosis
What is the morphological characteristic of gross infarcts?
Wedge-shaped
What is the primary source of systemic emboli in the body?
Intracardiac mural thrombi
Which type of embolus causes acute right heart failure and sudden death?
Saddle embolus
In which time frame does a visible inflammatory response occur in infarction morphology?
2-3 days
What is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?
Deep vein thrombosis
Which type of PE causes pulmonary hemorrhage or pulmonary infarction?
Single large embolus
What is the impact of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy on brain regions?
Widespread necrosis
Which step in the process of hemostasis involves the activation of clotting cascade and the generation of fibrin clot formation?
Activation of endothelium
Which inherited bleeding disorder is characterized by a defect in coagulation factor VIII or IX?
Hemophilia
Which type of Von Willebrand disease is characterized by the absence or severe reduction in Von Willebrand factor (VWF)?
Type 3
Which drug acts as an indirect inhibitor of gamma carboxylation of vitamin K clotting factors?
Warfarin
What is the primary function of endothelial cells during the process of hemostasis?
Express anticoagulant factors
Which disorder is characterized by a deficiency in platelets leading to abnormal primary hemostasis?
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia
What is the mechanism of action of direct thrombin inhibitors like Dabigatran?
Directly inhibit thrombin activity
Which step in hemostasis involves platelets adhering to the extracellular matrix (ECM) to protect it after injury?
Adhesion of platelets to ECM
Which anticoagulant drug is classified as a thrombin inhibitor with a short half-life?
Argatroban
What is the initial management approach recommended in the first hour of sepsis?
Provide cardiopulmonary support
Which of the following conditions results in a vasogenic oedema that can become cytotoxic if cells are damaged?
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
What is a common cause of maternal mortality in pregnancy?
SIRS
In the context of sepsis management, what is advised after administering blood cultures and blood work?
Fluids and antimicrobials
Which factor contributes to the characteristic red neurons observed in brain damage during sepsis?
Ischemic insult
What is a key feature of general comorbidities associated with sepsis?
History of autoimmune disorders
Test your knowledge on the normal process of hemostasis and thrombosis, as well as different hemorrhagic disorders such as Hemophilia, Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, and Von Willebrand disease. Learn about vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation, clotting cascade, and various defects in coagulation factors, platelets, collagen, and blood vessels.
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