Hemolytic Anemias Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between immune and non-immune hemolytic anemias?

  • The type of treatment
  • The presence of immune response (correct)
  • The severity of anemia
  • The underlying genetic cause
  • What is a common complication of hemolytic anemia?

  • Thrombosis (correct)
  • Diabetes
  • Hypertension
  • Anemia
  • What is the purpose of the Coombs test?

  • To diagnose iron deficiency anemia
  • To diagnose hemolytic anemia
  • To diagnose autoimmune hemolytic anemia (correct)
  • To diagnose anemia
  • What is a characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis?

    <p>Abnormalities not related to immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a treatment option for idiopathic aplastic anemia?

    <p>Blood transfusion and supportive care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia mentioned in the document?

    <p>Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of hemolytic anemia?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common diagnosis for hemolytic anemia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune Hemolytic Anemias

    • Alloimmune (isoimmune) and autoimmune types, including AIHA, drug-induced hemolysis, and Rh incompatibility

    Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemias

    • Abnormalities not related to immune response, including hereditary spherocytosis and hemoglobinopathies

    Clinical Manifestations

    • Anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and hemolysis
    • Complications like aplastic anemia and thrombosis

    Diagnosis and Treatment

    • Coombs test, blood film analysis, and specific treatments for each type
    • Addressing underlying causes, supportive care, and specific therapies for each condition

    Common Diseases Mentioned

    • Cold agglutinin disease (IgM)
    • Evans' syndrome
    • Ancylostoma (hookworm) causing Iron Deficiency Anemia
    • Diphyllobothrium latum leading to Megaloblastic Anemia
    • Malaria causing hemolytic anemia
    • Fanconi syndrome
    • Dyskeratosis congenita
    • Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
    • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
    • Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia

    Treatment Options for Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia

    • First-Line Treatment: Blood transfusion and supportive care, immunosuppressive therapy with large doses of steroids
    • Second-Line Treatment: Another immunosuppressive agent as a second-line therapy, plasmapheresis, IV gamma globulin, and rituximab, splenectomy in some cases
    • Other Options: Bone marrow transplantation as the main treatment for idiopathic aplastic anemia, therapeutic doses of antibiotics and blood transfusions as needed

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

    • Warm Antibody AIHA: Due to warm Abs IgG (C3d)
    • Cold Agglutinin Disease: IgM antibodies causing hemolysis
    • Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Triggered by medications like methyldopa
    • Other Types: Alloimmune (isoimmune) hemolytic anemia, Rh incompatibility-related hemolytic anemia

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    Description

    Learn about the types and causes of hemolytic anemias, including immune and non-immune hemolytic anemias, their clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment.

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