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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference between immune and non-immune hemolytic anemias?
What is a common complication of hemolytic anemia?
What is the purpose of the Coombs test?
What is a characteristic of hereditary spherocytosis?
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What is a treatment option for idiopathic aplastic anemia?
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What is a type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia mentioned in the document?
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What is a symptom of hemolytic anemia?
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What is a common diagnosis for hemolytic anemia?
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Study Notes
Immune Hemolytic Anemias
- Alloimmune (isoimmune) and autoimmune types, including AIHA, drug-induced hemolysis, and Rh incompatibility
Non-Immune Hemolytic Anemias
- Abnormalities not related to immune response, including hereditary spherocytosis and hemoglobinopathies
Clinical Manifestations
- Anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and hemolysis
- Complications like aplastic anemia and thrombosis
Diagnosis and Treatment
- Coombs test, blood film analysis, and specific treatments for each type
- Addressing underlying causes, supportive care, and specific therapies for each condition
Common Diseases Mentioned
- Cold agglutinin disease (IgM)
- Evans' syndrome
- Ancylostoma (hookworm) causing Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Diphyllobothrium latum leading to Megaloblastic Anemia
- Malaria causing hemolytic anemia
- Fanconi syndrome
- Dyskeratosis congenita
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Methyldopa-induced immune hemolytic anemia
Treatment Options for Idiopathic Aplastic Anemia
- First-Line Treatment: Blood transfusion and supportive care, immunosuppressive therapy with large doses of steroids
- Second-Line Treatment: Another immunosuppressive agent as a second-line therapy, plasmapheresis, IV gamma globulin, and rituximab, splenectomy in some cases
- Other Options: Bone marrow transplantation as the main treatment for idiopathic aplastic anemia, therapeutic doses of antibiotics and blood transfusions as needed
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm Antibody AIHA: Due to warm Abs IgG (C3d)
- Cold Agglutinin Disease: IgM antibodies causing hemolysis
- Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia: Triggered by medications like methyldopa
- Other Types: Alloimmune (isoimmune) hemolytic anemia, Rh incompatibility-related hemolytic anemia
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Description
Learn about the types and causes of hemolytic anemias, including immune and non-immune hemolytic anemias, their clinical manifestations, and diagnosis and treatment.
