Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of haemolytic anaemia?
Which of the following is a type of intrinsic haemolytic anaemia?
What is the primary diagnostic test for vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia?
Which of the following is a symptom of iron deficiency anaemia?
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What is the primary cause of vitamin deficiency anaemia?
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Which of the following is a type of extrinsic haemolytic anaemia?
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What is the primary laboratory test used to diagnose iron deficiency anaemia?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of haemolytic anaemia?
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Study Notes
Anaemia
Haemolytic Anaemia
- Definition: Anaemia caused by the premature destruction of red blood cells
- Types:
- Intrinsic: defects in red blood cell production (e.g. sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia)
- Extrinsic: destruction of normal red blood cells (e.g. autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, mechanical trauma)
- Causes:
- Genetic defects (e.g. G6PD deficiency)
- Infections (e.g. malaria, babesiosis)
- Autoimmune disorders (e.g. lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)
- Medications (e.g. penicillin, quinine)
- Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Jaundice
- Dark urine
- Pale skin
- Diagnosis:
- Blood tests (e.g. reticulocyte count, bilirubin level)
- Bone marrow examination
- Coombs test (for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia)
Vitamin Deficiency Anaemia
- Definition: Anaemia caused by a lack of essential vitamins necessary for red blood cell production
- Types:
- Vitamin B12 deficiency (pernicious anaemia)
- Folate deficiency
- Causes:
- Poor diet
- Malabsorption (e.g. celiac disease, Crohn's disease)
- Increased demand (e.g. pregnancy, cancer)
- Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Headaches
- Diagnosis:
- Blood tests (e.g. vitamin B12 level, folate level)
- Bone marrow examination
- Schilling test (for vitamin B12 deficiency)
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
- Definition: Anaemia caused by a lack of iron necessary for haemoglobin production
- Causes:
- Inadequate dietary iron intake
- Increased iron demand (e.g. pregnancy, menstrual bleeding)
- Chronic blood loss (e.g. ulcer, cancer)
- Malabsorption (e.g. celiac disease, gastric bypass surgery)
- Symptoms:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Pale skin
- Headaches
- Cold hands and feet
- Diagnosis:
- Blood tests (e.g. haemoglobin level, iron level, ferritin level)
- Bone marrow examination
Anaemia
Haemolytic Anaemia
- Premature destruction of red blood cells causes anaemia
- Intrinsic defects: sickle cell anaemia, thalassemia
- Extrinsic destruction: autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, mechanical trauma
- Genetic defects: G6PD deficiency
- Infections: malaria, babesiosis
- Autoimmune disorders: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis
- Medications: penicillin, quinine
- Symptoms: fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, pale skin
- Diagnosis: reticulocyte count, bilirubin level, bone marrow examination, Coombs test
Vitamin Deficiency Anaemia
- Lack of essential vitamins necessary for red blood cell production causes anaemia
- Vitamin B12 deficiency: pernicious anaemia
- Folate deficiency
- Causes: poor diet, malabsorption, increased demand
- Symptoms: fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, headaches
- Diagnosis: vitamin B12 level, folate level, bone marrow examination, Schilling test
Iron Deficiency Anaemia
- Lack of iron necessary for haemoglobin production causes anaemia
- Inadequate dietary iron intake
- Increased iron demand: pregnancy, menstrual bleeding
- Chronic blood loss: ulcer, cancer
- Malabsorption: celiac disease, gastric bypass surgery
- Symptoms: fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, headaches, cold hands and feet
- Diagnosis: haemoglobin level, iron level, ferritin level, bone marrow examination
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Description
This quiz covers the definition, types, and causes of Haemolytic Anaemia, including intrinsic and extrinsic defects, genetic disorders, infections, autoimmune disorders, and medications.