Hemoglobin Structure and Function Quiz
39 Questions
3 Views

Hemoglobin Structure and Function Quiz

Created by
@AthleticSaturn

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is formed when carbon monoxide combines with heme iron?

  • Carboxyhemoglobin (correct)
  • Carbide
  • Carbohydroxide
  • Carbohydrate

    • What color does carboxyhemoglobin impart to both blood and skin of victims?

  • Pale pink
  • Bright yellow
  • Dark red
  • Cherry-red (correct)

    • At what wavelength can carboxyhemoglobin be detected using spectral absorption instruments?

  • 541 nm (correct)
  • 700 nm
  • 420 nm
  • 600 nm

    • Which therapeutic method is utilized for treating carboxyhemoglobin poisoning?

    <p>Hyperbaric oxygen therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT used for hemoglobin determination?

    <p>Radiometric Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does hemoglobin electrophoresis rely on?

    <p>Separation in an electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CuSO4 in hemoglobin determination?

    <p>As a precipitating agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of hemoglobin determination involves visual assessment?

    <p>Colorimetric Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reagent used in the Acid Hematin Method?

    <p>0.01 N HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method involves the conversion of methemoglobin to cyanmethemoglobin?

    <p>Cyanmethemoglobin Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which method is the specific gravity of blood assessed to evaluate hemoglobin levels?

    <p>Copper Sulfate Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by positive turbidity in the Hemoglobin Solubility Test?

    <p>Decreased solubility of oxygenated hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of the Gasometric Method based on?

    <p>Indirect measurement of hemoglobin through oxygen binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the six structural genes play in hemoglobin synthesis?

    <p>They control the synthesis of the six globin chains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes methemoglobin?

    <p>It appears brownish to bluish in color.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sulhemoglobin and how is it formed?

    <p>It is formed by the irreversible oxidation of hemoglobin by certain chemicals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does the presence of ferric iron have on the remaining heme groups in hemoglobin?

    <p>It increases the oxygen affinity of the remaining heme groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do RBC precursors synthesize globin chains, but mature RBCs do not?

    <p>Mature RBCs do not contain the machinery for protein synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does methemoglobin differ from normal hemoglobin in oxygen binding capability?

    <p>Methemoglobin has no affinity for oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does sulhemoglobin typically contribute to the blood?

    <p>Mauve-lavender</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of ferric iron in hemoglobin?

    <p>It prevents the binding of oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin?

    <p>Transport of oxygen to the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hemoglobin A inherited?

    <p>In a simple mendelian fashion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the kidneys to produce increased erythropoietin?

    <p>Tissue hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of a hemoglobin molecule?

    <p>Four heme groups and four polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the P50 value in relation to oxygen dissociation?

    <p>The partial pressure of oxygen at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the variations in amino acid sequences in globin chains result in?

    <p>Different types of polypeptide chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) play in hemoglobin function?

    <p>It stabilizes the deoxy form of hemoglobin, reducing oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve for hemoglobin?

    <p>Sigmoidal shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the assembly of hemoglobin?

    <p>Each globin chain binds to a heme molecule and they pair off</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin?

    <p>Concentration of phosphates, particularly 2,3-DPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind electrophoresis?

    <p>Separation of molecules based on total molecular charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method uses agarose gel for hemoglobin determination?

    <p>Alkaline Hemoglobin Electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range for Acid Hemoglobin Electrophoresis?

    <p>6.0-6.2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is used as a confirmatory method for hemoglobin determination?

    <p>Isoelectric Focusing (IEF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in the context of hemoglobin?

    <p>To separate hemoglobin types in cationic form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to monitor diabetic patients?

    <p>Dare's Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is similar to agarose gel for hemoglobin analysis?

    <p>Capillary Electrophoresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique provides a visual method for hemoglobin determination?

    <p>Colorimetric Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hemoglobin

    • Normal adult hemoglobin A is inherited in a simple Mendelian manner with genotype A/A.
    • Hemoglobin consists of 4 heme groups and 4 polypeptide chains totaling 574 amino acids.
    • Functions to transport oxygen to tissues.

    Heme Structure

    • Heme comprises a protoporphyrin IX ring with a divalent ferrous iron (Fe2+) at its center.
    • Each heme group can reversibly bind to one oxygen molecule, giving blood its red color.

    Globin Structure

    • Hemoglobin contains 4 globin chains made up of 2 identical pairs of unlike polypeptide chains, each containing 141 to 146 amino acids.
    • Variations in amino acid sequences lead to different types of globin chains, designated by Greek letters.

    Hemoglobin Assembly

    • Post-ribosomal release, globin chains bind with heme to form heterodimers.
    • Heterodimers combine to form tetramers, completing the hemoglobin molecule structure.

    Hemoglobin Regulation

    • Synthesis is primarily stimulated by tissue hypoxia, prompting kidneys to produce erythropoietin.
    • Normal hemoglobin levels: Men (14-18 g/dL), Women (12-15 g/dL), Newborns (16.5-21.5 g/dL).

    Role of 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)

    • 2,3-DPG regulates hemoglobin's oxygen affinity, affecting its structural arrangement.

    Oxygen Dissociation Curve

    • Affinity for oxygen is influenced by partial pressure (PO2) and is represented by the P50 value.
    • The sigmoidal curve indicates low affinity at low oxygen tension and high affinity at high levels.
    • Blood pH changes shift the curve (Bohr effect).

    Hemoglobin Synthesis

    • Heme and globin synthesis involve 6 structural genes and occur in RBC precursors.
    • In mature RBCs, globin chain synthesis ceases.

    Hemoglobin Variants

    • Methemoglobin: Contains iron in oxidized state (Fe3+) and is brownish to bluish; cannot bind oxygen effectively.
    • Sulfhemoglobin: Results from irreversible oxidation, has a greenish pigment, and colors blood mauve-lavender.
    • Carboxyhemoglobin: Formed by carbon monoxide binding, characterized by a cherry-red color; dangerous due to carbon monoxide's toxicity.

    Hemoglobin Determination

    • Colorimetric Methods: Includes visual and photoelectric techniques for hemoglobin content determination.
    • Gasometric Method: Indirect measure based on O2 binding to iron.
    • Chemical Method: Hemoglobin solubility test indicates turbidity with decreased oxygenated hemoglobin solubility.
    • Electrophoresis: Automated technique using agarose or cellulose acetate for hemoglobin separation based on molecular charge.
    • High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): Separates hemoglobin, useful for diagnosing conditions like thalassemia and monitoring HbA1C in diabetic patients.

    Additional Methods for Determining Hemoglobin

    • Copper Sulfate Method: Measures specific gravity related to hemoglobin concentration, relevant in blood donation.
    • Capillary Electrophoresis: Similar to agarose method for hemoglobin analysis.
    • Isoelectric Focusing (IEF): A confirmatory technique for hemoglobin variants.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the intricate structure and function of hemoglobin, including its genetic inheritance and assembly. This quiz covers the key components such as heme and globin chains, along with the regulation of hemoglobin synthesis in response to oxygen levels. Perfect for students studying biology and biochemistry.

    More Like This

    Hemoglobin
    12 questions

    Hemoglobin

    ValuablePurple avatar
    ValuablePurple
    Hemoglobin Structure and Function Quiz Lecture 1
    15 questions

    Hemoglobin Structure and Function Quiz Lecture 1

    AlluringDalmatianJasper avatar
    AlluringDalmatianJasper
    MBBCh BMS 202: Hemoglobin Structure
    32 questions

    MBBCh BMS 202: Hemoglobin Structure

    ConvenientThallium586 avatar
    ConvenientThallium586
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser