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Questions and Answers
What is the composition of normal Hemoglobin A?
What is the composition of normal Hemoglobin A?
What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?
What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?
What is the percentage range of HbA1c in the total hemoglobin?
What is the percentage range of HbA1c in the total hemoglobin?
What does the ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group bind to?
What does the ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group bind to?
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What is the composition of HbA1c?
What is the composition of HbA1c?
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What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?
What is the function of the heme group in hemoglobin?
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How many bonds does ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group form?
How many bonds does ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group form?
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Where is the Fe2+ present in the heme group?
Where is the Fe2+ present in the heme group?
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Which type of hemoglobin makes up 90% of total hemoglobin?
Which type of hemoglobin makes up 90% of total hemoglobin?
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What is the fraction of total hemoglobin composed of HbF?
What is the fraction of total hemoglobin composed of HbF?
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Apart from red blood cells, where else are hemeproteins found?
Apart from red blood cells, where else are hemeproteins found?
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What is the name of the complex formed by protoporphyrin IX and ferrous iron (Fe2+)?
What is the name of the complex formed by protoporphyrin IX and ferrous iron (Fe2+)?
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Explain the structure and function of hemoglobin, including the composition of the protein part and the heme group, and its role in oxygen transport.
Explain the structure and function of hemoglobin, including the composition of the protein part and the heme group, and its role in oxygen transport.
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Describe the different types of normal hemoglobin and their chain compositions, along with their respective fractions of total hemoglobin.
Describe the different types of normal hemoglobin and their chain compositions, along with their respective fractions of total hemoglobin.
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What are the other examples of hemeproteins mentioned in the text, and where are they found besides red blood cells?
What are the other examples of hemeproteins mentioned in the text, and where are they found besides red blood cells?
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Study Notes
Hemoglobin Composition and Function
- Hemoglobin A (HbA) is composed of four polypeptide chains: two alpha-globin and two beta-globin chains.
Heme Group Function and Structure
- The heme group in hemoglobin is composed of protoporphyrin IX and ferrous iron (Fe2+), forming a complex called heme.
- Ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group binds to oxygen.
- The heme group is responsible for binding oxygen, allowing hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the bloodstream.
- Ferrous iron (Fe2+) in the heme group forms six bonds, four to the nitrogens of the porphyrin ring and one to histidine residue of the globin chain, and one to oxygen.
Hemoglobin Variants and Fractions
- Hemoglobin A (HbA) makes up approximately 90% of total hemoglobin.
- Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) makes up around 5-10% of total hemoglobin and is a glycated form of HbA, with glucose molecules attached to the hemoglobin protein.
- Hemoglobin F (HbF) makes up around 1-2% of total hemoglobin in adults, but is the primary hemoglobin in fetuses and newborns.
Hemeproteins in Other Tissues
- Hemeproteins, apart from hemoglobin in red blood cells, are also found in the liver, kidneys, and muscles.
Hemoglobin Structure and Oxygen Transport
- Hemoglobin's protein part is composed of four polypeptide chains, and the heme group is attached to each chain.
- Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in the tissues, facilitating oxygen transport throughout the body.
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Description
Quiz: Understanding Hemoglobin Structure and Function Test your knowledge on the structure and function of hemoglobin, factors affecting oxygen binding, and normal/abnormal hemoglobin structures. Gain insights from Dr. Sumbul Fatma and Dr. Zeyad Kurdee's lecture.
