Hemoglobin Function and Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

  • Transports oxygen from lungs to tissues (correct)
  • Transports carbon dioxide from lungs to body tissues
  • Stores oxygen for prolonged periods
  • Regulates blood pH levels

    • What structural form of hemoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen?

  • D form (Dissociated form)
  • S form (Saturated form)
  • R form (Relaxed form)
  • T form (Tense form) (correct)

    • How many oxygen molecules can hemoglobin bind?

  • Four oxygen molecules (correct)
  • Three oxygen molecules
  • Two oxygen molecules
  • One oxygen molecule

    • Which type of bond holds the dimers of hemoglobin less tightly together?

    <p>Hydrogen and ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in red blood cells acts as a buffer?

    <p>Hemoglobin/oxy-Hb system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the oxygen dissociation curve for myoglobin?

    <p>Hyperbolic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of structure does hemoglobin have?

    <p>Quaternary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the increase in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen after the first oxygen binds?

    <p>Allosteric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is myoglobin primarily located in the body?

    <p>In Cardiac &amp; Skeletal Muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of β-thalassemia minor?

    <p>Patients make some β chains and do not require specific treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if all four α-globin genes are defective?

    <p>Bart’s hydrops fetal syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of β-thalassemia is known as Cooley anemia?

    <p>β-thalassemia major.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of having three defective α-globin genes?

    <p>Mild to moderate anemia with hemoglobin H disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of the pulmonary extracellular matrix?

    <p>Collagen, elastic fibers, and proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function do proteoglycans serve in the pulmonary extracellular matrix?

    <p>Influencing microvascular fluid dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is α-thalassemia most commonly found?

    <p>Southern China and Southeast Asia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary fuel utilized by lung tissues for metabolic processes?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process converts glucose in the cytoplasm of lung cells?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucose oxidation in lung tissue compare to other metabolically active organs?

    <p>It is equal to or greater than most organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells interact with the pulmonary extracellular matrix via integrins?

    <p>Epithelial and mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated rate of glucose oxidation in lung tissue?

    <p>40–50 μmol/(h·g) of dry lung weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role of integrins in pulmonary tissue?

    <p>Facilitating cell-cell adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Type I alveolar cells?

    <p>Create the air sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much oxygen can one gram of hemoglobin combine with?

    <p>1.34 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is hemoglobin necessary for oxygen transport in the blood?

    <p>Oxygen's low solubility in plasma requires a carrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of myoglobin compared to hemoglobin?

    <p>Formed of one heme and one globin chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of surfactant secreted by Type II alveolar cells?

    <p>Prevent alveolar collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much oxygen can 1 liter of blood transport due to hemoglobin presence?

    <p>200 mL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a heme-protein?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the heme group in hemoglobin serve?

    <p>Holds oxygen molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is utilized by lung cells during nutrient deprivation?

    <p>β-oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much ATP is yielded from the complete breakdown of one molecule of glucose?

    <p>38 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of glucose consumed by the healthy rat lung is converted to lactate?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential source of energy for lung cells during nutrient deficiency?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive fatty acid breakdown lead to in cells?

    <p>Oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate from glycolytic intermediates?

    <p>Pentose Phosphate Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of oxygen consumption, how does β-oxidation compare to glycolysis?

    <p>It consumes more O2 than glycolysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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