Hemoglobin Estimation and Sahli's Method
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Questions and Answers

What is the normal hemoglobin level range for pregnant women?

  • 11 to 12 g/dl (correct)
  • 13 to 18 g/dl
  • 11 to 16 g/dl
  • 12 to 16 g/dl

Which component of hemoglobin is responsible for its red color?

  • Proteins
  • Erythropoietin
  • Iron (correct)
  • Globin

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the bloodstream?

  • Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide (correct)
  • Regulating body temperature
  • Producing red blood cells
  • Transporting nutrients

What percentage of hemoglobin in normal adults is HbA?

<p>97.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method for hemoglobin estimation can measure the oxygen combining capacity of hemoglobin?

<p>Gasometric method (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chain is found in fetal hemoglobin instead of beta chains?

<p>Gamma chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause for an increase in hemoglobin concentration?

<p>Hypoxic states (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of Sahli's method for estimating hemoglobin levels?

<p>It cannot measure all types of hemoglobin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the makeup of a hemoglobin molecule in terms of polypeptide chains?

<p>2 α-chains and 2 β-chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of hemoglobin related to blood pH?

<p>Acts as a buffer to help regulate pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the Sahli’s method?

<p>To convert blood hemoglobin to hematin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a limitation of the Sahli method?

<p>It is not suitable for detailed analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is used to match the color of the hematin solution in the Sahli method?

<p>Drop-by-drop addition of distilled water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is blood introduced into the Sahli tube during the procedure?

<p>Using the Sahli’s pipette until a specific marker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the intensity of the color resulting from hematin indicate?

<p>The concentration of hemoglobin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial step in preparing the hematin solution using the Sahli method?

<p>Filling the tube to the 10% mark with HCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a tool involved in the Sahli's kit?

<p>Colorimeter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to mix the blood and HCl according to the Sahli method?

<p>Suck and expel the mixture multiple times (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Sahli procedure, why must air be prevented from entering the pipette column?

<p>To ensure accurate blood volume measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hemoglobin

The main component of red blood cells (RBCs) responsible for the blood's red color.

Normal Haemoglobin Levels

Normal Hb levels vary among individuals due to factors like age, sex, and pregnancy.

Hemoglobin Structure

Hemoglobin has two main parts, a pigment called heme and a protein called globin.

Hemoglobin Molecule

Hemoglobin is made up of four heme groups, each attached to a protein chain. These chains come in pairs, forming a hemoglobin molecule.

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HbA

The most common type of hemoglobin found in adults, containing alpha and beta chains.

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HbA2

A rarer type of hemoglobin found in adults, where beta chains are replaced by delta chains.

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HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)

The type of hemoglobin found in fetuses, containing alpha and gamma chains.

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Hemoglobin Function (Oxygen and CO2 Transport)

Hemoglobin plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

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Hemoglobin Function (pH Regulation)

Hemoglobin acts as a buffer, helping to regulate the blood's pH balance.

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Hemoglobin Breakdown

When hemoglobin breaks down, it forms a bile pigment involved in lipid digestion.

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Sahli's Hemoglobin Determination Method

A method used to measure the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) in blood by converting Hb into a brownish hematin compound.

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Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A chemical used in Sahli's method to convert hemoglobin (Hb) into hematin.

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Hematn

The product formed when hemoglobin (Hb) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) in Sahli's method. It has a brownish color.

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Color Comparison

The measurement of color intensity in Sahli's method, comparing the color of hematin solution with a standard solution.

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Sahli Tube

The tube used in Sahli's method to hold the hematin solution and compare it to a standard.

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Blood Volume

The volume of blood measured using a pipette and added to the hydrochloric acid (HCl) in Sahli's method.

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Hemoglobin Pipette

A measuring device with a specific mark for the exact volume of blood (20 microliters) added in Sahli's method.

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Reaction Time

The time required for hemoglobin (Hb) to fully convert into hematin in Sahli's method. Typically, around 10 minutes.

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Distilled Water

The water added to the hematin solution in Sahli's method, drop by drop, to dilute it until its color matches the standard.

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Final Color Comparison

The final step in Sahli's method where the color of the hematin solution is compared to a standard solution, indicating the concentration of hemoglobin.

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Study Notes

Hemoglobin Estimation

  • Hemoglobin (Hb) is the primary component of red blood cells (RBCs), and gives blood its red color.
  • Normal Hb levels vary by gender and age group.
    • Women: 12 to 16 g/dL
    • Men: 13 to 18 g/dL
    • Children: 11 to 16 g/dL
    • Pregnant women: 11 to 12 g/dL
  • Hb is composed of two parts:
    • Heme (iron containing pigment), which constitutes 4%
    • Globin (protein), which constitutes 96%
  • Hemoglobin consists of four heme groups, each attached to a protein chain. Two pairs of polypeptide chains form the hemoglobin molecule.
  • In normal adults, hemoglobin is primarily HbA, with two alpha (α) chains (each containing 141 amino acids) and two beta (β) chains (each containing 146 amino acids).
  • HbA2, comprised of two alpha chains and two delta (δ) chains. This accounts for about 2.5% of total hemoglobin.
  • Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is present in the blood of a fetus and has gamma (γ) chains in place of beta chains.

Sahli's Method

  • A traditional method for estimating blood hemoglobin levels.
  • Based on colorimetric measurement of converted hemoglobin to hematin.
  • Advantages:
    • Inexpensive reagents and equipment
    • Easy to use and perform
    • Quick results
    • Doesn't require electricity
  • Disadvantages:
    • Can't measure all hemoglobin types
    • Not suitable for detailed analysis
    • Uses hydrochloric acid (HCl), which presents chemical hazards
    • Less precise than automated methods

Procedure for Sahli's Method

  • 5 drops of 0.1N HCl are placed in a graduated Sahli tube.
  • Blood (20 µL) is added to the tube using a pipette.
  • The blood and HCl are mixed, and the tube is allowed to stand for 10 minutes.
  • Diluted water is added dropwise to the tube, and mixed until the color matches a standard solution.

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Related Documents

Haemoglobin Estimation PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of hemoglobin estimation and the traditional Sahli's method in this quiz. Learn about the composition of hemoglobin and the normal levels across different demographics, along with the roles of various types of hemoglobin. Test your understanding of these vital topics in hematology.

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