Hemoglobin and Gas Transport

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Questions and Answers

Which molecule is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood?

Bicarbonate ion

Oxygen

Hemoglobin (correct)

Carbon Dioxide

What is the molecular weight of Hemoglobin?

760 mm Hg

21%

64,458 Daltons (correct)

1 atm

How many oxygen molecules can each Heme in Hemoglobin bind reversibly?

4 (correct)

What is the barometric pressure of air at sea level?

760 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?

760 mm Hg Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological significance of the sigmoidal shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

It allows for efficient oxygen unloading in the tissues Signup and view all the answers

What gases are bound to hemoglobin?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of red blood cells in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide?

To transport oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

What factors can cause a shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of red blood cells in CO2 transport and buffering of hydrogen ions?

To transport CO2 and buffer hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way in which carbon dioxide is transported in the blood?

As a solid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the solubility of carbon dioxide in blood compared to oxygen?

Carbon dioxide is more soluble than oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the major buffer agent in the body?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called where chloride ions are exchanged for bicarbonate ions to get bicarbonate into the plasma?

Chloride shift Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin when more oxygen is bound to hemoglobin?

Less carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pH of hemoglobin when more oxygen is bound to it?

The pH of hemoglobin becomes more acidic Signup and view all the answers

Which effect promotes the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Haldane effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical operating range for carbon dioxide partial pressure in the body?

40-50 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood?

40 vol% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for transporting carbon dioxide in the blood?

To get rid of excess carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level in air?

$760 , \text{mmHg} \times 0.21 = 160 , \text{mmHg}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal Alveolar-arterial PO2 difference in a healthy patient?

95 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the carrying capacity for dissolved oxygen in blood at a PaO2 of 100 mmHg?

0.3 mL per 100 mL of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for hemoglobin content in men?

13.5 to 17.5 grams per 100 mL of blood Signup and view all the answers

At what PO2 does oxygen bind to site 4 of hemoglobin?

100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for Hb bound to CO2?

Carbaminohemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing blood flow to a tissue affect tissue PO2?

Increases tissue PO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carbon monoxide on hemoglobin?

It displaces oxygen from hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating the total oxygen concentration in blood?

$0.3 + 19.7 = 20.0 , \text{ml/100 ml blood}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for Hb without oxygen bound?

Deoxyhemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Oxygen Transport

Hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen in the blood.
The molecular weight of Hemoglobin is 64,500 g/mol.
Each Heme in Hemoglobin can bind reversibly with 1 oxygen molecule.

Atmospheric Pressure and Oxygen

The barometric pressure of air at sea level is 760 mmHg.
The partial pressure of oxygen at sea level is 159 mmHg.

Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

The sigmoidal shape of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is physiologically significant because it allows for efficient oxygen delivery to tissues.

Binding of Gases to Hemoglobin

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide can bind to hemoglobin.

Red Blood Cells and Oxygen Transport

Red blood cells play a crucial role in the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen is transported from lungs to tissues, whereas carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to lungs.

Factors Affecting Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve can shift in response to changes in pH, temperature, and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) levels.

Carbon Dioxide Transport and Buffering

Red blood cells are important for CO2 transport and buffering of hydrogen ions.
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as carbaminohemoglobin, bicarbonate, and dissolved CO2.

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Carbon dioxide is not transported in the blood as carbonic acid.

Solubility of Gases

Carbon dioxide is more soluble in blood than oxygen.

Buffering Agents

The major buffer agent in the body is bicarbonate.

Chloride Shift

The chloride shift is the process where chloride ions are exchanged for bicarbonate ions to get bicarbonate into the plasma.

Effect of Oxygen Binding on Carbon Dioxide Binding

When more oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, the binding of carbon dioxide to hemoglobin is reduced.

Effect of Oxygen Binding on pH

When more oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, the pH of hemoglobin increases.

Carbon Dioxide Transport Promotion

The Bohr effect promotes the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.

Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure

The typical operating range for carbon dioxide partial pressure in the body is 40 mmHg.
The concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood is approximately 48 mmol/L.

Reason for Carbon Dioxide Transport

The main reason for transporting carbon dioxide in the blood is to remove waste products from the body.

Calculating Partial Pressure of Oxygen

The equation for calculating the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level in air is PaO2 = (PiO2 x FiO2) - (PaCO2 / RQ).

Alveolar-Arterial PO2 Difference

The normal Alveolar-arterial PO2 difference in a healthy patient is approximately 10-15 mmHg.

Carrying Capacity for Dissolved Oxygen

The carrying capacity for dissolved oxygen in blood at a PaO2 of 100 mmHg is 0.003 mL O2/mL blood.

Hemoglobin Content

The normal range for hemoglobin content in men is 13.5-17.5 g/dL.

Oxygen Binding to Hemoglobin

Oxygen binds to site 4 of hemoglobin at a PO2 of approximately 26 mmHg.

Carbaminohemoglobin

Carbaminohemoglobin is hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide.

Effect of Blood Flow on Tissue PO2

Increasing blood flow to a tissue increases tissue PO2.

Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Hemoglobin

Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin, reducing its oxygen-carrying capacity.

Total Oxygen Concentration in Blood

The equation for calculating the total oxygen concentration in blood is [O2]total = [O2]bound + [O2]dissolved.

Deoxyhemoglobin

Deoxyhemoglobin is hemoglobin without oxygen bound.

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Description

Test your knowledge on human physiology with this quiz on hemoglobin and gas transport. Learn about how CO2 is added to blood in tissue capillaries and the role of red blood cells in CO2 transport and buffering of hydrogen ions. Explore concepts such as hemoglobin saturation, oxygen-carrying capacity, and oxygen content of blood. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of this vital physiological process.