32 Questions
Which hormone helps maintain blood calcium levels by increasing osteoblastic activity and decreasing osteoclastic activity?
Calcitonin
Where is calcitonin produced in the body?
Thyroid gland
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
Increasing blood calcium levels
Where are the parathyroid glands located in relation to the thyroid gland?
Behind the thyroid gland
Which cells produce calcitonin?
C cells
What is the function of calcitonin in blood calcium regulation?
Decrease blood calcium levels
Which of the following hormones is involved in a negative feedback mechanism for blood calcium regulation?
Calcitonin
What is the role of osteoclasts in blood calcium regulation?
Decrease blood calcium levels by bone resorption
Which component of blood is described as the liquid remaining after cells have been removed?
Plasma
What is the primary function of platelets in blood?
Clotting
What is the characteristic feature of erythrocytes (red blood cells) mentioned in the text?
Anucleated condition
Where are the pleuripotent hemopoetic stem cells (PHSC) primarily located?
Myeloid tissue
What is serum in blood plasma characterized by?
Absence of clotting factors
Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues?
Erythrocytes
What is the process by which all blood cells are formed called?
Hematopoiesis
Where are white blood cells produced in the body?
Bone marrow
What is the function of hemoglobin in the body?
Transport of both oxygen and carbon dioxide
How many oxygen molecules combine with one hemoglobin molecule?
4
What is the structure of hemoglobin?
Quaternary protein
Where is bilirubin produced in the body?
Liver
What happens to older red blood cells after they travel through the liver and spleen?
They are broken down into bilirubin
Which component of hemoglobin has a high affinity for binding to carbon monoxide (CO)?
Iron in the center
What is the main function of the heme group within hemoglobin?
Carrying oxygen
'How is carbon dioxide carried in the body?' - Which statement below accurately describes this process?
$CO_2$ binds reversibly to hemoglobin
What is the function of Erythropoetin (EPO)?
Stimulate red blood cell production
What causes an increase in production of EPO when an individual moves from sea level to higher altitudes?
Hypoxia due to the lower oxygen levels
What does a higher proportion of reticulocytes in the blood indicate?
Reticulocytosis
What is the primary cause of Anemia?
Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood
What is the role of hemocytoblasts when stimulated by EPO?
Produce more red blood cells
What does reticulocytosis indicate?
Rapid red blood cell production
What are individual blood types determined by?
Presence or absence of antigens in RBC membrane
What is the significance of seeing reticulocytes in the bloodstream when moving from sea level to Colorado?
Indicates rapid red blood cell production due to hypoxia
Test your knowledge about hemoglobin, its role in carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide, and how oxygen is transported in the blood. Learn about the functions of hemoglobin in the body.
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