Hemoglobin and Oxygen Transport Functions Quiz

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Which hormone helps maintain blood calcium levels by increasing osteoblastic activity and decreasing osteoclastic activity?

Cortisol

Insulin

Calcitonin (correct)

Thyroid hormone

Where is calcitonin produced in the body?

Hypothalamus

Anterior pituitary gland

Thyroid gland (correct)

Parathyroid gland

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Regulating blood glucose levels

Increasing blood calcium levels (correct)

Producing red blood cells

Lowering blood calcium levels

Where are the parathyroid glands located in relation to the thyroid gland?

Behind the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce calcitonin?

C cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of calcitonin in blood calcium regulation?

Decrease blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is involved in a negative feedback mechanism for blood calcium regulation?

Calcitonin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of osteoclasts in blood calcium regulation?

Decrease blood calcium levels by bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is described as the liquid remaining after cells have been removed?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of platelets in blood?

Clotting Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of erythrocytes (red blood cells) mentioned in the text?

Anucleated condition Signup and view all the answers

Where are the pleuripotent hemopoetic stem cells (PHSC) primarily located?

Myeloid tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is serum in blood plasma characterized by?

Absence of clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

Which component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen to body tissues?

Erythrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which all blood cells are formed called?

Hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Where are white blood cells produced in the body?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of hemoglobin in the body?

Transport of both oxygen and carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

How many oxygen molecules combine with one hemoglobin molecule?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of hemoglobin?

Quaternary protein Signup and view all the answers

Where is bilirubin produced in the body?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

What happens to older red blood cells after they travel through the liver and spleen?

They are broken down into bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

Which component of hemoglobin has a high affinity for binding to carbon monoxide (CO)?

Iron in the center Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the heme group within hemoglobin?

Carrying oxygen Signup and view all the answers

'How is carbon dioxide carried in the body?' - Which statement below accurately describes this process?

$CO_2$ binds reversibly to hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Erythropoetin (EPO)?

Stimulate red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What causes an increase in production of EPO when an individual moves from sea level to higher altitudes?

Hypoxia due to the lower oxygen levels Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher proportion of reticulocytes in the blood indicate?

Reticulocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Anemia?

Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hemocytoblasts when stimulated by EPO?

Produce more red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What does reticulocytosis indicate?

Rapid red blood cell production Signup and view all the answers

What are individual blood types determined by?

Presence or absence of antigens in RBC membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of seeing reticulocytes in the bloodstream when moving from sea level to Colorado?

<code>Indicates rapid red blood cell production due to hypoxia</code> Signup and view all the answers