58 Questions
What is the most common cause of chronic anemia?
Iron deficiency
Which of the following hematopoietic growth factors stimulates the production of granulocytes?
Filgrastim
What is the primary action of iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?
Increased hemoglobin production
Which of the following is NOT a type of anemia?
Pancytopenic
What is the primary action of Vitamin B12 in the synthesis of succinyl CoA?
Donation of a methyl group
What is the primary indication for the use of Deferoxamine?
Iron toxicity
What determines the rate of iron transport into blood?
The amount of iron stored in the intestinal mucosal cells and the body's iron requirement
How does the transferrin-iron complex enter maturing erythroid cells?
By a receptor-mediated endocytosis
What is the primary function of ferritin in iron storage?
To store iron in the intestinal mucosal cells and other cells
What is the primary route of iron elimination from the body?
Through exfoliation of intestinal mucosal cells
What is a common adverse effect of oral iron administration?
Nausea and epigastric discomfort
What is a common symptom of chronic anemia?
Pallor
What is a rare but potential adverse effect of parenteral iron administration?
Anaphylactoid reaction
What is the primary role of hepcidin in the body?
To regulate iron absorption
What is the effect of increased erythropoiesis on hepcidin production?
It decreases hepcidin production
What is the role of HIF-2α in the adaptation to anemia?
It increases the expression of DMT1
Why is free inorganic iron toxic to the body?
It is highly reactive
Why are dietary requirements for iron relatively low?
Iron is readily available in a wide variety of foods
What is the risk of deep vein thrombosis in peri-surgery patients without prophylactic anticoagulation?
Increased
What is the primary function of Filgrastim?
To stimulate proliferation of neutrophils
What is the effect of Sargramostim on hematopoietic stem cells?
Increased blood concentration
Which of the following is a multilineage growth factor?
Sargramostim
What is the effect of Filgrastim on phagocytic activity of neutrophils?
Activation
What is the primary goal of iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia?
To replenish tissue iron stores
What is the consequence of acute iron toxicity?
Necrotizing gastroenteritis, shock, and coma
Which of the following is a contraindication for iron supplementation?
Anemias not caused by iron deficiency
What is the therapy of choice for chronic iron toxicity?
Intermittent phlebotomy
Why is ferrous iron preferred in oral iron therapy?
It is more easily absorbed
What is the precaution associated with iron supplements in Parkinson disease?
It can increase the rate of disease progression
What is the primary function of transferrin in iron transport?
Binding of iron in plasma
Where is iron stored in the liver?
Macrophages
What is the daily amount of iron lost through elimination?
1 mg
What is the mechanism of transferrin-iron complex entry into maturing erythroid cells?
Receptor mediated endocytosis
What is the effect of high iron stores on iron transport into blood?
Iron transport is decreased
What is the significance of serum ferritin levels?
It indicates total body iron stores
What is the primary treatment for chronic iron toxicity?
Intermittent phlebotomy
What is the main reason why ferrous iron is preferred in oral iron therapy?
It is more easily absorbed
What is the consequence of severe acute iron toxicity?
Death
What is the precaution associated with iron supplements in patients with Parkinson disease?
They may increase the rate of disease progression
What is the primary goal of iron therapy in iron deficiency anemia?
To replenish tissue iron stores
What is the primary indication for the use of parenteral iron therapy?
Iron deficiency anemia in patients with malabsorption
Which of the following patient groups may benefit from parenteral iron therapy?
Patients with extensive chronic anemia who can't be maintained with oral iron alone
What is a common side effect of parenteral iron therapy?
Nausea
Which of the following is a disadvantage of parenteral iron therapy?
It produces serious dose-dependent toxicity
Which of the following medications may be used to prevent a flare of arthritis during IV iron infusion?
Glucocorticoids
What is an advantage of parenteral iron therapy?
It bypasses regulatory mechanisms
Which of the following is a contraindication for parenteral iron therapy?
Patients with a history of anaphylaxis
What is the effect of Filgrastim on hematopoietic stem cells?
Increased concentration in blood
What is the difference between Filgrastim and Sargramostim?
Filgrastim is a lineage specific growth factor, Sargramostim is a multilineage growth factor
What is the risk of deep vein thrombosis in peri-surgery patients without prophylactic anticoagulation?
Increased
What is the effect of Sargramostim on T cells?
Stimulation of T cell proliferation
What type of growth factor is Filgrastim?
Lineage specific growth factor
What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction needed for purine and DNA synthesis?
Thymidylate synthetase
What is the primary function of dihydrofolate reductase in the body?
To regenerate THF from dihydrofolate
What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid in normal individuals?
50-200 mcg
What is the consequence of giving folic acid supplements alone in patients with pernicious anemia without knowing whether they also have vitamin B12 deficiency?
Masking of vitamin B12 deficiency signs
What is the therapeutic use of folic acid in pregnant women?
To decrease the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus
What is the primary storage site of folic acid in the body?
Liver
Test your knowledge on hematopoietic medications, including their mechanism of action, iron deficiency anemia, and the role of vitamins and growth factors in blood cell production. Understand how iron and folic acid are absorbed, transported, and eliminated in the body.
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