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Questions and Answers
Which drug is commonly associated with oxidative hemolytic anemia?
Which drug is commonly associated with oxidative hemolytic anemia?
What causes drug-induced megaloblastic anemia?
What causes drug-induced megaloblastic anemia?
Which drug is an irreversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and can cause megaloblastic anemia?
Which drug is an irreversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase and can cause megaloblastic anemia?
What is defined as a reduction in the number of mature myeloid cells in the blood?
What is defined as a reduction in the number of mature myeloid cells in the blood?
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Which drug has been shown to directly cause toxicity to myeloid cells leading to agranulocytosis?
Which drug has been shown to directly cause toxicity to myeloid cells leading to agranulocytosis?
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Which drug-induced hematologic disorder is characterized by a decrease in all three cell lines and hypoplastic bone marrow?
Which drug-induced hematologic disorder is characterized by a decrease in all three cell lines and hypoplastic bone marrow?
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What is the most common cause of drug-induced aplastic anemia?
What is the most common cause of drug-induced aplastic anemia?
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Which type of anemia is associated with drug-induced destruction of red blood cells caused by an immune response?
Which type of anemia is associated with drug-induced destruction of red blood cells caused by an immune response?
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Chloramphenicol can cause which adverse effect when it results in bone marrow suppression?
Chloramphenicol can cause which adverse effect when it results in bone marrow suppression?
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Which clinical manifestation indicates drug-induced agranulocytosis?
Which clinical manifestation indicates drug-induced agranulocytosis?
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What mechanism is primarily responsible for idiosyncratic drug-induced aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol?
What mechanism is primarily responsible for idiosyncratic drug-induced aplastic anemia with chloramphenicol?
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Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is defined by what condition?
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is defined by what condition?
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Which of these is NOT a direct result of drug actions on hematologic parameters?
Which of these is NOT a direct result of drug actions on hematologic parameters?
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Which drugs are primarily associated with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia due to drug-dependent antibodies?
Which drugs are primarily associated with drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia due to drug-dependent antibodies?
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What type of anemia is characterized by antibodies that only react in the presence of a drug?
What type of anemia is characterized by antibodies that only react in the presence of a drug?
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Which drug is mentioned as least likely to be associated with aplastic anemia?
Which drug is mentioned as least likely to be associated with aplastic anemia?
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What deficiency is commonly associated with drug-induced oxidative hemolytic anemia?
What deficiency is commonly associated with drug-induced oxidative hemolytic anemia?
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Which type of hemolytic anemia involves IgG or IgM antibodies binding to RBC antigens?
Which type of hemolytic anemia involves IgG or IgM antibodies binding to RBC antigens?
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Which of the following drugs is associated with inducing oxidative hemolytic anemia specifically?
Which of the following drugs is associated with inducing oxidative hemolytic anemia specifically?
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What role does reduced glutathione have in protecting RBCs from hemolysis?
What role does reduced glutathione have in protecting RBCs from hemolysis?
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Which of the following drugs is NOT associated with aplastic anemia?
Which of the following drugs is NOT associated with aplastic anemia?
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What is the hapten mechanism in immune-mediated agranulocytosis?
What is the hapten mechanism in immune-mediated agranulocytosis?
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Which drug is associated with the autoimmune mechanism of agranulocytosis?
Which drug is associated with the autoimmune mechanism of agranulocytosis?
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What is the common definition of thrombocytopenia?
What is the common definition of thrombocytopenia?
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Which of the following drugs is most commonly implicated in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia?
Which of the following drugs is most commonly implicated in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia?
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What characterizes hapten-type reactions in drug-induced thrombocytopenia?
What characterizes hapten-type reactions in drug-induced thrombocytopenia?
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Which of the following best describes nonimmune-mediated mechanisms of thrombocytopenia?
Which of the following best describes nonimmune-mediated mechanisms of thrombocytopenia?
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Which of the following drugs is least likely to be associated with agranulocytosis?
Which of the following drugs is least likely to be associated with agranulocytosis?
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What common feature do drugs like quinine and gold salts share regarding their association with thrombocytopenia?
What common feature do drugs like quinine and gold salts share regarding their association with thrombocytopenia?
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Study Notes
Drug-Induced Hematologic Disorders (DIHDs)
- DIHDs are a group of disorders affecting blood cells, caused by drugs.
- Common DIHDs include aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia.
- Mechanisms of DIHDs can result from direct drug effects, metabolite toxicity, or immune reactions.
- Some agents, like anti-neoplastics, predictably cause hematologic diseases affecting red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets.
- Drug-induced aplastic anemia arises when a drug affects all three cell types and leads to a hypoplastic bone marrow (reduced bone marrow activity).
- Drugs can cause various anemias in RBCs, including immune hemolytic anemia, oxidative hemolytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia.
- Drug-induced agranulocytosis lowers WBC count, potentially linked to direct myeloid cell toxicity.
- Drug-induced thrombocytopenia reduces platelet count, a potentially immune-mediated event.
- Some drugs, like chloramphenicol, can cause dose-dependent or idiosyncratic aplastic anemia due to abnormal metabolism.
- Drugs like phenytoin with their metabolites may induce aplastic anemia.
- Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is associated with IgG or IgM antibodies against RBC antigens; drug-dependent antibodies are common.
- Penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives can cause immune hemolytic anemia if given in high doses.
- Drug-induced oxidative hemolytic anemia is linked to G6PD enzyme deficiencies, which are associated with oxidative drug effects on RBCs.
- Drug-induced megaloblastic anemia arises from impaired DNA synthesis, as certain drugs can affect vitamin B12 or folate levels.
- Antimetabolite drugs are commonly linked to drug-induced megaloblastic anemia.
- Drugs frequently associated with agranulocytosis include antibiotics that contain a beta-lactam ring; some other drugs also cause agranulocytosis.
- Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is commonly linked to immune reactions where antibodies bind to drug-coated platelets and lead to lysis.
- Non-immune-mediated mechanisms for thrombocytopenia involve direct toxicity-type reactions, particularly with chemotherapeutic agents.
- Numerous drugs induce hematologic disorders; specific examples are given in the notes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on drug-induced hematologic disorders (DIHDs) and their effects on blood cell types. This quiz covers various conditions such as aplastic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia, including their mechanisms and causes. Enhance your understanding of how certain medications can lead to significant blood disorders.
