Hematology Week 2 Study Notes

<p>The appearance of nuclear lobularity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30-50 μm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>150-400 x 109/L (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrinogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of a single nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2-4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8-9 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By binding to megakaryocytes and stimulating their differentiation and maturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inversely proportional (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2,000-4,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By stimulating the differentiation of stem cells into megakaryocyte progenitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GP1BA, GP1BB, GP5, GP9 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mediate outside-in signaling and activate platelets. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store fibrinogen and other clotting factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actin becomes filamentous and contractile. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are rope-like polymers with a diameter of 8 to 12 nm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 to 7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To activate the coagulation cascade and promote clot formation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P-selectin facilitates the binding of platelets to leukocytes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This change exposes more surface area for binding to other platelets and foreign surfaces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low shear forces inhibit platelet activation, while high shear forces stimulate it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphatidylserine flips to the outer membrane layer of platelets, exposing it to coagulation factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for the formation of a stable platelet plug and contributes to the coagulation cascade. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a demarcation system in the platelet cytoplasm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High shear forces activate platelets, but low shear forces inhibit their aggregation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Platelet activation is a part of primary hemostasis, the initial response to vessel injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of calcium and serotonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>P2Y1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleavage of PAR1 and PAR4 receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both types of granules contain the same integral proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of stable platelet aggregates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased intracellular calcium levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tyrosine kinase receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>600 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue factor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates platelet binding to endothelial cells, leukocytes, and other platelets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It cleaves platelet PAR1 and PAR4, triggering inside-out activation of integrin αIIbβ3. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FcgIIA (CD32) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It facilitates platelet binding to fibrinogen and VWF, promoting platelet-to-platelet adhesion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents a crucial stage in the platelet activation process, vital for cell-based coagulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are released from activated platelets and activate neighboring platelets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It mediates the release of P-selectin from the α-granule membranes to the surface of activated platelets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A lipid bilayer that surrounds and protects the cell, controlling entry and exit of substances.

Non-nucleated blood cells involved in clotting, with a cellular concentration of 150 to 400 x 10^9/L.

Large bone marrow cells that give rise to platelets, measuring 30 to 50 μm in diameter.

Cells that develop from common myeloid progenitors under GATA-1 influence to become megakaryocytes.

A transcription factor influencing megakaryocyte development, playing a crucial role in differentiation.

A transcription factor that suppresses megakaryocyte differentiation, opposing GATA-1's action.

An intermediate stage in megakaryocyte development, identifiable by nuclear lobularity.

Typically ranges from 150 to 400 x 10^9/L, with variations related to gender and age.

A hormone that stimulates the production of platelets from megakaryocytes.

The average duration platelets circulate in the blood, about 8 to 9 days.

The process of platelet production through the shedding from megakaryocytes.

A blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, aiding platelet adhesion.

The formation of proplatelets, which give rise to platelets from megakaryocytes.

Proteins involved in blood coagulation found in megakaryocytes.

High platelet count leads to lower TPO levels and vice versa.

A protease that activates platelets by cleaving PAR1 and PAR4 receptors.

Protease-activated receptors cleaved by thrombin, facilitating platelet activation.

Molecular switches activated by thrombin that trigger platelet signaling pathways.

Platelet structures releasing contents upon activation, aiding in clotting.

High-affinity receptors that play roles in platelet activation and aggregation.

Increases intracellular calcium, starting the activation process of platelets.

Decreases cyclic AMP, enhancing platelet activation and aggregation.

A group of receptors in platelets aiding in cell adhesion and activation.

A molecule that mediates adhesion between platelets and endothelial cells.

A low-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin that aids in platelet function.

An adhesion molecule facilitating platelet binding to other cells.

A protein that initiates coagulation by activating thrombin upon injury.

The state of platelets that enhances their clotting ability in coagulation.

Platelet activators that promote aggregation by activating neighboring platelets.

A receptor that binds fibrinogen and VWF, crucial for platelet aggregation.

Constitutes 20% to 30% of the platelet, contains actin and filaments.

Globular in resting platelets; becomes filamentous as calcium rises.

Rope-like polymers in platelet cytoplasm; include desmin and vimentin.

50 to 80 per platelet; contain proteins and support clotting.

Proteins that interact with ligands to activate platelets.

Occurs when granules release substances that promote adhesion and coagulation.

A protein that moves to the surface of platelets to facilitate binding with leukocytes during activation.

Platelets change from discoid to round shape with pseudopods to increase surface area for adhesion.

The force exerted by blood flow on vessel walls, critical for platelet adhesion and aggregation.

Platelet adhesion and aggregation require shear rates over 1000 s-1 for effective primary hemostasis.

The movement of phosphatidylserine to the outer membrane layer of platelets, indicating activation.

The first response of platelets to blood vessel injury, crucial for stopping bleeding.

Loss of membrane integrity during aggregation leads to a merged cell structure in activated platelets.

The structural framework in blood vessels to which platelets adhere during the clotting process.